血管内超声检验兔动脉粥样硬化斑块的研究

目的建立兔动脉粥样硬化模型，通过血管内超声（intravascularultrasound，IVUS）检查粥样硬化斑块．评价IVUS在粥样硬化斑块诊断的临床价值。方法选取20只健康的新西兰大白兔，按简单随机化方法分为两组，每组10只。一组单纯喂养高脂饲料；另一组除喂养高脂饲料外，4周时行腹主动脉内膜损伤术。12周后行IVUS检查，标记斑块远端、近端图像。观察病变处内中膜厚度．并通过病理检查评价IVUS效果。通过病理切片．生物病理图像分析系统处理，分别测量两组兔斑块厚度，并与IVUS结果相比较．同时比较不同方法观察到的斑块性质。结果高脂饲料加内膜损伤组（8只）12周时斑块厚度明显高于纯高脂组（8只），差异有统计学意义（521．286±124．732）μm vs.（240．029±73．528）μm,P〈0．05]。IVUS显示所有兔子（16只）的斑块厚度为（412．7±165．8）μm，病理为（360．2±98．1）μm，两者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；对于斑块性质的判断，两者比较差异也无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论采用动脉内膜损伤加高脂饮食的方式来制作动脉粥样硬化斑块的模型是可行的、实用的。IVUS对血管斑块性质的界定及厚度的测量结果可靠。

Intravascular ultrasound imaging technique in diagnosis of atherosclerosis in rabbits

Objectives To evaluate the clinical value of intravascular ultrasound （IVUS） imaging technique in diagnosis of atherosclerosis through experimental study in rabbits. Methods Totally 20 healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups,10 for each. Ten rabbits were fed with a cholesterol-supplemented diet and 10 rabbits in the other group were subjected to balloon catheter injury of the abdominal aorta through femoral artery after fed with a cholesterol-supplemented diet for 4 weeks. The thicknesses of plaques were measured and the qualities of plaques were identified through pathological examinations and IVUS after 12 weeks. Results of IVUS were compared with that of histological examination and their correlations were calculated. Results Thicknesses of plaques in balloon catheter injury group （8 rabbits） were significantly thicker than those in cholesterol-supplemented diet group （8 rabbits） after 12 weeks （521.286±124.732）μm vs. （240.029±73.528） μm,P〈0.05 ]. Thicknesses of plaques in 16 rabhites measured Ihrough IVUS were not statistically different from those measured through pathological examination （412.7±165.8）μm vs. （360.2±98.1）μm, P〉0.05 ]. There was no significant difference in identification of the qualities of plaques （P〉0.05）. Conclusions Typical atheroselerosis model can he induced by a cholesterol-diet plus balloon catheter injury, of the abdominal aorta in rabbits. IVUS can be used to identify the quality and thickness of an atherosclerotic plaque accurately.