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Fat and water separation in balanced steady-state free precession using the Dixon method.
Authors:Teng-Yi Huang  Hsiao-Wen Chung  Fu-Nien Wang  Cheng-Wen Ko  Cheng-Yu Chen
Affiliation:Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Abstract:In this work the feasibility of separating fat and water signals using the balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) technique is demonstrated. The technique is based on the observation (Scheffler and Hennig, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2003;49:395-397) that at the nominal values of TE = TR/2 in SSFP imaging, phase coherence can be achieved at essentially only two orientations (0 degrees and 180 degrees ) relative to the RF pulses in the rotating frame, under the assumption of TR < T2, and independently of the SSFP angle. This property allows in-phase and out-of-phase SSFP images to be obtained by proper choices of the center frequency offset, and thus allows the Dixon subtraction method to be utilized for effective fat-water separation. The TR and frequency offset for optimal fat-water separation are derived from theories. Experimental results from healthy subjects, using a 3.0 Tesla system, show that nearly complete fat suppression can be accomplished.
Keywords:fat–water separation  Dixon method  in‐phase and out‐of‐phase images  steady‐state free precession  frequency offset
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