Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) following autologous stem cell transplant for relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia: a case report and review of the literature

A fatal case of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) in a child post-autologous stem cell transplant for relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia is described. The implicated product was a single unit platelet concentrate containing anti-HLA A2 and granulocyte-specific anti-NA1 antibodies. The recipient typed as HLA A2/A2, NA1/NA1. This is the first reported case of TRALI following a transplant procedure for a haematological condition. It is also unusual in that the patient failed to make a full recovery and that two relevant leucocyte antibodies of clear specificity were identified in the donor plasma. The literature relating to the pathophysiology, clinical sequelae and management of TRALI is reviewed.