2001年陕西省饮水型氟中毒重点病区调查结果分析

为了给陕西省政府提供制定地氟病防制规划的依据,对位于不同自然地理环境的定边、蒲城和泾阳3县饮水型地氟病区的环境氟含量、病情和改水进展等情况进行了调查。结果显示经过20年的不懈努力,3县已有50.17％的病区人口进行了改水。改水后环境氟含量和病情均有明显降低,与1980年相比,水氟含量下降了50.60％;儿童氟斑牙患病率下降了38．12％;3d度氟骨症患病率下降了78．64％,再次证明改水预防饮水型氟中毒是行之有效的重要措施。同时调查结果也提示,改水后符合国家卫生标准的水样仅占31．12％。本次以水氟含量划定的病区与1980年划定的病区相比,符合率为65.38％。因此认为要制定全省改水防制规划,为防止陈旧的资料造成误导,应重新进行一次流行病学调查,保证资料的科学性。调查结果还提示水氟含量受件型和井深的影响较大。

Investigation on Drinking-Water Fluorosis in Focal Endemic Areas in Shaanxi Province

In order to offer data of endemic fluorosis to the government, fluoride content in environment, prevalence rate of fluorosis and situations of water improvement to reduce fluoride were surveyed in 3 counties where were drinking water fluorosis areas. The results showed 50.17% people in the 3counties drank improved water during the past 20 years. Both the fluoride content in environment and the prevalence rate of fluorosis decreased obviously after water improvement. Fluoride content in water, the prevalence rate of children's dental fluorosis and 3d degree skeletal fluorosis dropped 50.60%, 38.12% and 78.64% respectively on the base of 1980's. The proportion of water samples accorded with the state hygienic standard was 31.12%.It showed water improvement to reduce fluoride was an effective method for endemic fluorosis control and the project of water improvement should be made. An epidemiological survey should be carried out again in order to ensure that the data are scientific. The results also showed fluoride content in water related to the type and depth of well.