对快速进入高原部队预防急性高原病的措施探讨

目的了解急性高原病（AMS）的发病情况并探讨其预防措施。方法2006--2007年两次进入高原某地进行军事演练,伴随卫勤保障任务,通过在平原集结时之前,进行身体调整,加大训练强度,进人高原后,延长休整天数,进行心理干预,开展AMS知识的宣传教育,采用问卷、卫生队、卫生室进行病员登统计、个别问诊、检查的方法,了解部队进入高原后AMS的发病情况。结果2006年9—10月份与2007年9-10月份两次进入高原人员年龄分布无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,而发病率由21．6％下降为13．4％及住院率0．72％下降为0．48％,2007年9—10月份与2006年9-10月份重度急性高原反应、高原肺水肿和高原脑水肿发病率都有所减低。结论在常规的卫勤保障基础上,应调整进入高原的休整期,一般7d左右为宜,加强高原卫生宣传教育,正确引导官兵们对低氧危害性和机体代偿能力的认识,克服高原恐惧心理和麻痹大意思想;提高医务人员的业务水平,增强责任心。这样可以大大地降低AMS的发病率和住院率,有效地保障官兵的身体健康。

Discussion of Measures to Prevent AMS in Troops quickly Entering Plateau

Objective To realize the incidence of acute mountain sickness （AMS） and discuss its preventive measure. Methods In the year of 2006 and 2007, the author, together with a large number of troops, came into someplace on plateau for military manoeuvres. In the manoeuvres of 2007, additional medical supporst were provided by means of aforehand adjusting physical condition and increasing intensity of training on plain, and by means of prolonging days of resting and rehabilitation after coming into plateau, in addition to mental intervention, instruction and education on AMS. The incidence of AMS was obtained via questionnaire, records, physical examination and statistics in medical teams or clinics. There was no statistical difference in age distribution between the servicemen who came into plateau in Sep and Oct of 2006 and those who came into plateau in Sep and Oct of 2007. Results The incidence of AMS decreased from 21.6% （2006） to 13.4% （2007） and hospitalization rate decreased from 0.72% to 0.48%, as well as the incidences of severe high altitude acute reaction （HAAR）, high altitude pulmonary edema （HAPE） and high altitude cerebral edema （HACE）. Conclusion On the basis of regular medical support, it is proper to adjust the resting time up to seven days on coming into plateau, to emphasize instruction and education of health on plateau, and to guide officers and soldiers to know the harm of hypoxia and the ability of body compensation to conquer fear and carelessness.