胎儿大脑皮层观察的新方法：三维颅脑表面反转成像法

目的研究三维颅脑表面反转成像法在产前评价正常胎儿颅脑沟回的临床应用价值。 方法选取2019年6月至2020年7月在深圳市妇幼保健院行产前超声检查诊断无结构异常的133例19~36周正常单胎胎儿作为研究对象。观察不同孕周外侧裂、顶枕沟、距状沟在超声二维、三维表面成像中的显示、变化情况。检查结果按胎龄分为6组，按缺失或存在进行统计，形态变化汇总成图片。采用Pearson χ²检验比较二维超声和三维新方法对外侧裂、顶枕沟、距状沟显示率的差异。随机抽取30例胎儿进行研究者内和研究者间的重复性检验。 结果随着妊娠周数的增加，胎儿颅脑外侧裂、顶枕沟、距状沟的二维和三维超声检查的显示率都越来越高。二维、三维超声对22周外侧裂，23周、24~36周外侧裂、顶枕沟和距状沟显示率均达100%。二维观察与三维反转成像法的超声显示率差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。三维反转成像显示沟回变化比二维超声更直观，更加接近实际解剖形态的变化。研究者内和研究间重复性检验显示一致性均可接受（Kappa系数均＞0.7）。 结论三维反转成像法可以直观形象地观察顶枕沟、距状沟、外侧裂的形态及空间变化情况，对于产前评估大脑皮层发育是一种补充手段，为未来大脑皮层发育的教学与研究提供了一种新的思路。

A new method for observation of the fetal cerebral cortex: three-dimensional brain surface inversion imaging

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical value of prenatal three-dimensional (3D) inversion imaging of the sylvian fissure, parietal occipital sulcus, and calcarine sulcus. MethodsThe sylvian fissure, parietal occipital sulcus, and calcarine sulcus were assessed prospectively by 3D ultrasound (3D-US) inversion imaging and two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) in 133 fetuses with no structural abnormalities between 19 and 36⁺⁶ weeks of gestation at Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital from June 2019 to July 2020. The examinations were divided into six groups according to gestational age. For each group, these sulci were assessed as absent or present. The changes of these 3D sulci imaging were observed in different groups. Thirty fetuses were randomly selected for intra- and inter-observer reproducibility testing by pearson chi-square test. ResultsAlong with the increase of the gestation age in different groups, the rates of 2D and 3D examinations to display the structures both became higher and higher. 2D-US and 3D-US showed 100% of sylvian fissure, parietal occipital sulcus, and calcarine sulcus at 22, 23, and 24~36 weeks, respectively. The display rate had no statistical difference between 2D-US and 3D inverted ultrasound in the six groups (P＞0.05). However, 3D inversion ultrasound was more vivid and intuitive than 2D-US. No significant intra- and inter-observer variability was found. Conclusion3D inversion imaging can be used to better observe the morphological and spatial changes of the sylvian fissure, parietal occipital sulcus, and calcarine sulcus during middle and late pregnancy, which is an intuitive supplementary means for prenatal evaluation of cerebral cortex development and provides a new idea for future teaching and research of cerebral cortex development.