The prolactin inducible protein/gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 deficient mice develop anomalies in lymphoid organs |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada;2. Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada;3. Department of Oral Biology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada;4. Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada;1. Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, PR China;2. Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, 903 Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 313000, Zhengjiang Province, PR China;1. Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Clinical Research Development Center (CRDU), Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran;3. Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;2. Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada;2. Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, 1474 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;3. Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada;4. Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, M409 Walters Life Sciences, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;5. Prairie and Northern Research Centre, Environment Canada, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X4, Canada;6. Centre for Food-Borne and Animal Parasitology, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 116 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2R3, Canada;1. Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt;2. Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt;3. Chest Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
The Prolactin Inducible Protein (PIP) is a 15 kDa protein secreted by normal apocrine glands, including salivary, lacrimal and sweat glands. PIP levels are normally low in the mammary glands of healthy individuals, but high levels have been observed in pathological conditions of the breast such as benign breast cystic disease and breast cancer. While the function of PIP is not well elucidated, accumulating evidence strongly point to a role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Using PIP deficient mice (Pip −/− mice) our laboratory demonstrated that loss of PIP function led to impaired T helper type 1 response and cell mediated immunity. In the present study we provide additional supporting evidence showing abnormal lymphocytic distribution in primary and secondary lymphoid organs of Pip-/- mice. Significant morphological changes in the Eustachian tube, an immune-protected site where PIP is normally found, were also associated with the absence of PIP. Collectively, these results further support an immuno-regulatory role for PIP and have implications for a spectrum of immune-related illnesses including otitis media and hearing loss as well as breast cancer. |
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| Keywords: | Biological function Immunoregulation Host defense Breast diseases Cytokines Bacteria |
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