深圳市居民2017—2020年伤害死亡特征及减寿分析

目的  分析2017—2020年深圳市居民的主要伤害死亡特征及减寿情况, 为制定伤害预防控制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法  使用构成比、死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数(potential years of life lost, PYLL)、减寿率(potential years of life lost rate, PYLLR)、平均减寿年数(average years of life lost, AYLL)等指标评估伤害死亡特征及减寿情况。同时应用Joinpoint回归对主要伤害死因的年龄别死亡率进行分析比较。结果  2017—2020年深圳市居民的伤害死亡例数为7 199, 年均粗死亡率为12.73/10万, 年均标化死亡率为20.70/10万, 男性高于女性。伤害死因及伤害所致PYLL前三位均为自杀、交通事故和意外跌落。全人群全部伤害死因年龄别死亡率的整体变化为平均每岁上升4.9%(t=5.2, P < 0.001), 自杀死亡率为平均每岁上升3.1%(t=3.8, P < 0.001), 交通事故死亡率为平均每岁上升2.7%(t=2.8, P=0.005), 意外跌落死亡率为平均每岁上升6.1%(t=6.8, P < 0.001), 男、女死亡率转折点不同, 且死亡率曲线不平行, 变化趋势不一样。4年间伤害所造成的PYLL合计为269 093.5人年, AYLL为37.38年/人, PYLLR为4.76‰。结论  自杀是深圳市居民首要伤害死因, 男、女各伤害死因死亡率呈现不同的年龄变化趋势, 需根据重点人群采取针对性的措施。伤害导致严重的寿命损失, 给家庭和社会带来重大影响, 社会各界需加强对伤害的预防, 减少伤害尤其是致死性伤害的发生。

Analysis of characteristics of injury-induced death and life loss among Shenzhen residents, 2017-2020

  Objective  To analyze characteristics of the main injury-induced death and life loss among Shenzhen residents during 2017-2020 and provide a scientific basis for the targeted formulation of strategies and measures for injury prevention and control.  Methods  Injury-induced death characteristics and life loss were assessed using composition ratio, mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, potential years of life lost (PYLL), potential years of life lost rate (PYLLR), and average years of life lost (AYLL). Joinpoint regression was also applied to compare the age-specific mortality rates of significant injury death causes in different years and genders.  Results  The number of injury-induced deaths among Shenzhen residents in 2017-2020 was 7 199, with an average annual crude mortality rate of 12.73/100 000 and an average annual standardized mortality rate of 20.70/100 000, the mortality rate of males was higher than females. The top three causes of injury-induced death and injury-induced PYLL were suicide, traffic accident and accidental fall. The overall change in the age-specific mortality rate of all injury-induced in the whole population was a mean increase of 4.9% per year (t=5.2, P < 0.001);the overall suicide mortality rate was a mean increase of 3.1% per year (t=3.8, P < 0.001);the overall change of mortality rates for traffic accidents was a mean increase of 2.7% per year (t=2.8, P=0.005);the overall change in mortality rates for falls was a mean increase of 6.1% per year (t=6.8, P< 0.001). The mortality turning points of males and females were different, the mortality curves were not parallel, and the trends were not the same. The total PYLL caused by injuries during the 4-year period was 269 093.5 person-years, the AYLL was 37.38 years/person, and the PYLLR was 4.76 per 1 000.  Conclusion  Suicide is the primary cause of injury-induced death among Shenzhen residents, and the mortality rates of each cause of injury-induced death for men and women show different age trends. Targeted measures should be taken according to critical populations. Injuries lead to serious life loss and have a significant impact on families and society. All sectors of society need to strengthen the prevention of injuries and reduce the occurrence of injuries, especially fatal injuries.