感觉神经植入兔带蒂皮瓣转移再造阴茎后的再生神经形态学观察

目的 观察兔隐神经与阴茎背神经吻接植入腹壁浅血管蒂岛状皮瓣阴茎再造术后，再造阴茎感觉神经的再生过程和机制，探索再造阴茎感觉功能重建的有效方法。方法 雄性新西兰兔40只随机均分为实验（神经植入）组和对照（未植神经）组。建立隐神经与阴茎背神经吻接植入腹壁浅血管蒂岛状皮瓣阴茎再造术的动物模型，术后1、2周及1、3、6个月，应用组织学、免疫组化及电镜等方法对再造阴茎感觉神经的再生情况进行形态学观察。结果 组织学观察发现实验组皮瓣内神经束数量不断增多，至术后6个月时尚可见神经长人脂肪层，对照组皮瓣内残存神经呈萎缩改变；免疫组化结果显示：术后实验组神经植入后再生感觉神经纤维、触觉小体、表皮内游离神经末梢的密度和数量明显高于对照组；电镜结果表明：术后3个月以内早期，皮肤感觉神经的再生以无髓神经纤维为主，之后有髓纤维和无髓纤维均有出现。结论 隐神经移植与阴茎背神经端端吻合植入兔腹壁浅血管蒂岛状皮瓣阴茎再造术，再造阴茎至少在6个月时可以获得良好的感觉神经再生和末梢感受器的神经再支配。

Morphologic observation of the regenerated nerve in reconstructed penis with sensory nerve implantation in rabbit

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of sensory nerve regeneration of the reconstructed penis with sensory nerve implantation and to explore a new surgical technique to improve the postoperative sensory function in phallic reconstruction. METHODS: Adult male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 20, with sensory nerve implantation) and control group (n = 20, without sensory nerve implantation), which were both performed phalloplasty with a superficial epigastric faciovascular pedicle flap. Postoperatively, the nerve regeneration process of the reconstructed penis was observed histologically. RESULTS: In experimental group, the amount of CGRP positive nerve fibers increased markedly with the time prolonged, whereas merely a few CGRP positive fibers scattered in deep dermis 6 months later in the other group. The cutaneous sensory nerve regeneration of the reconstructed penis in experimental group shows the procedure that the myelinated axon began to exist within 3 months, thereafter the myelinated axon and unmyelinated axon were both observed under the elctron microscope. CONCLUSION: These findings show that the rabbit model of phalloplasty with sensory nerve implantation can acquire well sensory reinnervation, and bring a light to clinical application for restoration of sensory function in reconstructed penis.