全弓置换和支架象鼻手术治疗A型主动脉夹层时左锁骨下动脉的处理分析

目的 总结选择性结扎左锁骨下动脉、仅重建无名动脉和左颈总动脉方法在A型主动脉夹层全弓置换和支架象鼻手术中应用的临床经验.方法 2008年1月至2010年6月,29例A型主动脉夹层患者在接受全弓置换和支架象鼻手术时,因左锁骨下动脉显露困难,术中将其直接结扎.本组男性21例,女性8例,年龄19～55岁,平均年龄(44±12)岁.其中急性夹层12例,亚急性夹层4例,慢性夹层13例.所有患者依据术前影像学和术中循环、压力指标判断患者大脑Willis环和双侧椎动脉的侧支循环情况,如侧支良好,则直接结扎左锁骨下动脉、仅重建无名动脉和左颈总动脉;如果侧支不足,则结扎后加行升主动脉-左腋动脉旁路术.结果 29例手术均顺利完成,1例术后死于肺部感染,其余恢复顺利.术后左上肢血压(78±17)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),明显低于右上肢的(126±24)mmHg(P＜0.01),但左侧指氧饱和度、皮温、肌力及感觉运动功能与右侧相比无明显差异.随访1～27个月,无左锁骨下动脉盗血综合征与左上肢肌萎缩发生.结论 在对A型主动脉夹层行全弓置换和支架象鼻手术时,如果动脉瘤体较大、左锁骨下动脉位置较深、显露困难时,可以在充分评估侧支循环的前提下直接予以结扎,可简化手术操作和手术难度,术后无明显不良后果.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the experiences of ligating left subclavian artery(LSA)in total arch replacement and stented elephant trunk implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection patients with difficulty in exposing the LSA. MethodsTotal arch replacement and stented elephant trunk implantation were performed on 79 consecutive patients from January 2008 to June 2010. Twenty-nine cases of the cohort undertook LSA ligation due to bad exposure. There were 21 males and 8 females patients, aged from 19 to 55 years with a mean of(44 ± 12)years. There were 12 acute dissections, 4 sub-acute dissections and 13 chronic dissections. Based on thoroughly evaluation of the Willis' circle and bilateral vertebral arteries through pre-operative imaging and inrto-operative circulative parameters, if the collateral circulation was considered sufficient, LSA was ligated directly and only the innominate artery and carotid artery were reconstructed; if considered insufficient, an additional bypass from ascending aorta to left axillary artery was performed. Results All the 29 operations were completed successfully. There was one patient died from pulmonary infection and the others recovered well. Blood pressure of left arms were lower than right postoperatively[(78 ± 17)mmHg vs.(126 ± 24)mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0. 133 kPa, P ＜ 0. 01], but oxygen saturation, skin temperature and strength of the left hand were normal compared to the right. All the survived patients have been followed 1-27 months and none of them presented with any symptoms of left subclavian artery steal syndrome and ischemia of left arms. Conclusions Ligation of LSA under strict evaluation of collateral circulation could be safe in Type A dissection patients with bad exposure due to big ascending aortic aneurysm and will simplify the procedure significantly.

Strategy of dealing with left subclavian artery in total arch replacement combined with stented elephant trunk implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection

Objective To summarize the experiences of ligating left subclavian artery(LSA)in total arch replacement and stented elephant trunk implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection patients with difficulty in exposing the LSA. MethodsTotal arch replacement and stented elephant trunk implantation were performed on 79 consecutive patients from January 2008 to June 2010. Twenty-nine cases of the cohort undertook LSA ligation due to bad exposure. There were 21 males and 8 females patients, aged from 19 to 55 years with a mean of(44 ± 12)years. There were 12 acute dissections, 4 sub-acute dissections and 13 chronic dissections. Based on thoroughly evaluation of the Willis' circle and bilateral vertebral arteries through pre-operative imaging and inrto-operative circulative parameters, if the collateral circulation was considered sufficient, LSA was ligated directly and only the innominate artery and carotid artery were reconstructed; if considered insufficient, an additional bypass from ascending aorta to left axillary artery was performed. Results All the 29 operations were completed successfully. There was one patient died from pulmonary infection and the others recovered well. Blood pressure of left arms were lower than right postoperatively[(78 ± 17)mmHg vs.(126 ± 24)mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0. 133 kPa, P ＜ 0. 01], but oxygen saturation, skin temperature and strength of the left hand were normal compared to the right. All the survived patients have been followed 1-27 months and none of them presented with any symptoms of left subclavian artery steal syndrome and ischemia of left arms. Conclusions Ligation of LSA under strict evaluation of collateral circulation could be safe in Type A dissection patients with bad exposure due to big ascending aortic aneurysm and will simplify the procedure significantly.