不同时期家兔动脉粥样硬化模型的比较

目的 从动脉粥样硬化（AS）发生进展的不同时期，对家兔模型进行比较和研究。方法 新西兰白兔30只，随机分为5组，包括对照组和模型组，模型组又分为AS 4周组、AS 8周组、AS 12周组和AS 16周组，每组6只。对照组给予普通饲料喂养，模型组给予高脂饲料喂养。分别于实验0、4、8、12、16周给各组动物称质量，耳缘静脉取血，测定血清胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HGL）含量；通过石蜡切片HE染色及冰冻切片油红O染色对胸主动脉进行病理形态学观察。结果 实验4周时，模型组家兔体质量增加值明显高于对照组，而在实验8、12、16周时，二者比较没有明显差异。血脂测定显示，模型组TC和LDL水平增加幅度较大，TG和HDL水平增加幅度较小，但是与对照组比较差异有显著性（P<0.05、0.01）。组织病理学检查结果显示，实验4周时，模型组家兔在主动脉内皮下可见少量脂质沉积，油红O染色呈红色；实验8周和12周时，处于动脉粥样硬化脂纹期的不同阶段，病灶处内皮下可见大量的泡沫细胞聚集；实验16周时，处于动脉粥样硬化纤维斑块期，病灶表层可见覆盖以纤维帽，纤维帽下有数量不等的泡沫细胞，平滑肌细胞、炎细胞等。结论 家兔单纯给予高脂饲料喂饲4～16周，可造成不同病理分期的动脉粥样硬化模型。

Comparison on rabbit atherosclerosis models in different periods

Objective To compare and research on rabbit models from the atherosclerosis occured at different times. Methods New Zealand white rabbits (30), randomly divided into five groups, including control group and model group, model group is divided into AS4, AS8, AS12, and AS16 weeks group (six in each group). The rabbits in the control group were given ordinary feed, the rabbits in the model group were given a high-fat feed. To weight and extract the ear marginal vein blood in 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of the experiment in each group; To determinate the cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in serum. To observe the pathological morphological changes of thoracic aortic through the paraffin section of HE staining and frozen section oil red O staining. Results At week 4, the added value of rabbit weight in the model group was obviously higher than that in the control group, and in weeks 8, 12, and 16 of the experiment, the difference is not obvious. Blood lipid measurement showed that CHO and LDL levels increased amplitude of the model group was bigger, TG and HDL levels increased amplitude was smaller; But compared with the control group, the difference is obvious (P < 0.05, 0.01). Histopathological examination results showed that we can find a small amount of lipid deposition from subcutaneous tissue of the rabbit aorta in the model group at the week 4, oil red O staining is mei red; At weeks 8 and 12, the pathological change is at different stages of atherosclerosis fatty streaks period, and we could find a large number of foam cells in the lesions. The experiments at week 16, the pathological change was in the fiber patch phase of atherosclerosis, the surface of lesions was covered with fibrous cap, under the fibrous cap we could find foam cells, smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, etc. Conclusion Rabbit alone is given high fat feed for 4 to 16 weeks, we can copy the atherosclerosis models in different pathological stages.