西尼罗病毒E蛋白的结构和应用进展

西尼罗病毒是一种单股正链RNA病毒，属于黄病毒属黄病毒科，主要通过库蚊传播，能引起西尼罗热及神经侵袭性疾病如脑炎、脑膜炎等。近年来，该病毒在多个国家和地区间广泛流行，给发病国家带来了极大的危害。目前对于西尼罗病毒尚未有可用于人类的疫苗上市，也没有特定的抗病毒药物可用，因此加强病毒监测、研发新的疫苗及掌握实验室诊断方法变得尤为重要。本文主要通过对西尼罗病毒E蛋白的结构、疫苗及检测方法的最新进展加以探讨，为研发西尼罗病毒疫苗及诊断试剂盒提供理论依据。

Progress of West Nile virus envelope protein

West Nile virus, a single-stranded positive sense RNA virus, belonging to the flavivirus Flaviviridae. It is mainly transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, which can cause West Nile fever and neurologically invasive diseases such as encephalitis and meningitis. In recent years, the virus has been widely spread in many countries and regions, causing great harm to the affected countries. At present, there is no vaccine and specific antiviral drugs available for West Nile virus. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen virus surveillance, develop new vaccines, and master laboratory diagnostic methods. This article mainly discusses the latest advances in the structure, vaccines, and detection methods of the West Nile virus envelope (E) protein, and provides a theoretical basis for the further development of viral vaccines and diagnostic kit.