基于价格和营养质量指数的配餐法在南宁市幼儿园膳食管理中的应用

目的 提供一种结合食物价格及营养质量指数的实用方法，以改善幼儿园不合理的膳食。方法 结合当地食物价格，计算INQ指数/食物可食部分价格比值，构建基于价格和INQ指数的食物数据库并指导南宁市3所幼儿园的膳食配餐，干预期为2个月，干预前后分别进行1次膳食调查，计算并分析干预前后幼儿园膳食结构、营养素摄入量和营养素-价格比的差异。结果 干预前，3所幼儿园的膳食结构不合理，儿童的大部分营养素摄入量低于5岁男孩的RNI标准。干预后膳食能量来源结构较干预前有所改善，儿童的营养素量摄入量较干预前均有不同程度增加，除硒和钙外，其余营养素的摄入量均超过了RNI标准，其中干预前后能量、蛋白质、脂肪、核黄素、钙等多种营养素平均摄入量存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）；除幼儿园A的硒元素、B幼儿园的能量、脂肪、碳水化合物和尼克酸及幼儿园C的脂肪外，其余营养素摄入量与食物价格的比值均较干预期有所提高，干预前后视黄醇、核黄素、维生素E、钙等多种营养素的营养素-价格比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 基于价格及营养质量指数的配餐法科学准确、简单实用，可在不显著增加经费支出情况下明显改善幼儿园膳食质量。

Application of meal method based on prices and nutritional quality index in dietary management of kindergarten in Nanning

Objective The aim of this study was to provide a practical way to combine food prices and nutritional quality index to improve irrational meals in kindergartens. Methods Based on the local food prices, the INQ index / food edible part price ratio was calculated, a food database was built based on price and INQ index to guide the diets of three kindergartens in Nanning. The intervention period was 2 months, and the dietary survey was conducted before and after the intervention. The difference of dietary structure, nutrient intake and nutrient-price ratio of kindergarten before and after intervention were analyzed. Results Before the intervention, the dietary structure of the three kindergartens was unreasonable, and most of the children’s nutrient intake was less than the RNI standard fir the 5-year-old boy. After the intervention, the dietary energy source structure was improved and the nutrient intake of children was increased. Except for selenium and calcium, the intake of other nutrients exceeded the RNI. There was a significant difference in energy, protein, fat, riboflavin, calcium and other nutrient intake before and after intervention(P<0.05). In addition to the selenium element of kindergarten A, the energy fat, carbohydrate, niacin of kindergarten B, and the fat of kindergarten C, other nutrient intake and food price ratio were raised after intervention. There was a significant difference in riboflavin, vitamin E, calcium and other nutrient’s nutrients-price ratio(P<0.05). Conclusion The meal method based on the prices and nutritional quality index is scientific and accurate, simple and practical, and will not significantly increase the expenditure of funds in the case of significant improvement in kindergarten meal quality.