蜂胶化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展

蜂胶是我国传统中药，具有补虚弱、化浊脂、止消渴的功效，外用可解毒消肿、收敛生肌。蜂胶中含有丰富的化学成分，目前已从蜂胶中分离鉴定出黄酮、酚酸、萜、糖、氨基酸、脂肪族、微量元素、维生素等类化学成分400余个，其中黄酮、酚酸、萜等类是其主要活性成分。现代药理研究表明，蜂胶具有抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、治疗阿尔茨海默病、抗肿瘤、降血糖、调血脂、保肝、神经保护、免疫调节、促进伤口愈合、抑制黑色素生成等广泛的药理活性。临床上，蜂胶常用于治疗牙周炎、口腔溃疡、高脂血症、幽门螺杆菌感染、皮肤烧烫伤、鸡眼等疾病。查阅近20年来国内外蜂胶相关的研究报道，对其化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展进行综述，以期为蜂胶的进一步研究开发与利用提供参考。

Research Progress in Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects, and Clinical Application of Propolis

Propolis is a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of tonifying deficiency, eliminating turbid, treating consumptive thirst, removing toxin, alleviating edema, astriction, and promoting granulation. Propolis is rich in chemical constituents. Up to now, more than 400 chemical constituents including flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, sugars, amino acids, aliphatics, trace elements, and vitamins have been isolated and identified from Propolis, among which flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids are the main active components. Modern studies have demonstrated that Propolis has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer''s disease, antitumor, blood sugar- and lipid-lowering, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, wound healing-promoting, and melanin production-inhibiting activities. Propolis has been widely used in the clinical treatment of periodontitis, oral ulcers, hyperlipidemia, Helicobacter pylori infection, skin burns, corns and other diseases. We reviewed the relevant research reports in recent 20 years and summarized the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and clinical application of Propolis, aiming to provide reference for the further research, development, and utilization of Propolis.