20例肺动脉栓塞螺旋CT增强扫描的影像分析

目的:研究肺动脉栓塞螺旋CT增强扫描的影像表现,充分认识肺栓塞的CT征象,提高肺栓塞的诊断水平。方法:共20例,男14例,女6例。使用东芝Xpress/SXCT扫描机作造影增强螺旋CT扫描。统计分析肺叶及肺叶以上肺动脉栓塞CT增强的综合表现。结果:肺动脉栓塞原发病以下肢深静脉血栓形成最为多见,有7例。下肢深静脉血栓有2例是由桑拿浴引起。将肺栓塞的程度分为轻度栓塞、中度栓塞、重度栓塞和完全栓塞。轻度栓塞为栓塞面占肺动脉管径<30%;中度栓塞为栓塞面30%～50%;重度栓塞为栓塞面>50%,周围仍见对比剂显影或通过;完全栓塞的栓塞面周边无对比剂显影通过。肺动脉栓塞直接征象是栓塞部位不强化,呈充盈缺损改变。此外,还见9个继发征象:肺动脉总干增宽,右心室和右心房增大。肺叶透亮度增加,肺血管纹理稀疏、细小。肺静脉变小,基底静脉变小,边缘不整,呈干藤样改变。左心房变小。左心室亦变小,室间隔向左后移位。肺组织实变,呈三角形。胸腔积液和心包积液。结论:肺动脉栓塞胸部螺旋CT增强扫描的表现是一组综合征象,笔者称为肺栓塞10联征。充分认识10联征,能大大提高肺栓塞的诊断水平。肺动脉栓塞有多种原发病,以下肢深静脉血栓形成最多见,桑拿浴可引起下肢深静脉血栓,可能是肺栓塞的一个诱因。

Contrast-enhanced CT of Pulmonary Embolism:Report of 20 Cases

Objective:To study the characteristics of pulmonary embolism (PE) in contrast-enhanced CT. Methods:There were 20 patients (14 male and 6 female) with lobar and proximal PE were scanned with a Toshiba Xpress/SX CT scanner after contrast material was administrated.The CT manifestations were noted.Results:The direct sign of PE was filling defect or no opacification at the embolizing site of the affected branch of pulmonary artery (PA).And there were 9 secondary signs of PE:PA widening;dilatation of right ventricle and atrium;increased lucency of the affected lobe and rarefaction and thinning of lung markings;small dried-rattan-like pulmonary vein;small left atrium and ventricle;posterior and leftward shift of the interventricular septum;triangular consolidation of affected lung parenchyma;and pleural effusion;and pericardiac effusion.Conclusion:The manifestations of PE on contrast-enhanced CT include a series of 10 signs.With full understanding of these 10 signs correct diagnosis of pulmonary embolism can be made.