Aflatoxin B1 effects on ovarian follicular growth and atresia in the rat

For this investigation, 28 female healthy adult Wistar rats were selected. The animals were divided into four groups (n?=?7 per group): control, test group 1, test group 2 and test group 3. Each rat in test groups 1, 2 and 3, received 0.8 ppm, 1.6 ppm and 3.2 ppm aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), respectively, via gavage for a period of 25 days. The control group received distilled water only. All tissue specimens were processed for routine paraffin embedding and serial cross-sections cut at 5–7 μm and stained with haematoxylin–eosin. Both histomorphologic and histomorphometric analysis was performed under light microscopy. An increase in the concentration of AFB1 resulted in a reduction in the population of healthy primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary follicles. The greatest reduction was in seen in group 3 (with 3.2 ppm AFB1/day). In all test groups, due to an increase in AFB1 concentration, in both the right and left ovaries, all types of atretic follicles, including primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary atretic follicles were significantly increased (P?<?0.01). In conclusion, AFB1 is toxic for all type of ovarian follicles, including non-growing and growing follicles and exerts an atretogenic effect on all types of ovarian follicles. The atretogenic effect of AFB1 is dose dependant. Due to its toxic effects (gametotoxicity), the resting pool of ovarian follicles (primordial follicles) decreases significantly. The ovulatory follicular population either decreases or is completely depleted.