慢速法制备种植体窝洞原位取骨的临床疗效评价

目的:牙缺失后,牙槽骨存在不同程度的吸收,给后期的种植治疗造成不利的影响。由于自体骨是修复骨缺损的最佳植入材料,目前,临床上常用的种植体窝制备方法是在不同的种植体窝制备阶段使用不同的转速,且需要全程冲水以防止产生过热的温度,切屑的骨组织被水冲走而流失,如需要收集这部分自体骨需要特别的器械,效果却并不好。因此,我们对需要植骨的种植患者,通过用常规钻慢速法(<50rpm)制备种植体窝,制备过程中不冲水,收集自体骨。本研究评价常规钻慢速法制备种植体窝在产热,种植体骨整合等方面的影响以及收集的自体骨的临床应用疗效。材料和方法:52例患者接受种植治疗,共植入136颗种植体。其中ITI28颗,OSSTEM83颗,Anyklos25颗。常规法52颗,慢速法84颗。慢速法中44颗种植体窝制备完后用生理盐水冲洗种植体窝,40颗不冲洗。慢速法制备种植体窝过程中收集的自体骨以全部自体骨,人工骨粉与自体骨混合物及先在种植体表面填入自体骨再在自体骨表面覆盖人工骨粉的"三明治"技术三种不同的运用方法用于修复骨缺损。术后疗效评价包括临床观察和X线,全景片,CBCT等检查。结果:134颗植入种植体成功,60颗已行上部结构修复,74颗未行上部结构修复。术后拆线时观察130颗种植体伤口一期愈合(伤口无明显炎症,种植体无暴露),4颗种植体伤口有炎症但无种植体暴露。术后6～12月观察种植体无松动,术区软硬组织无炎症。X线检查种植体与骨结合良好,种植体颈部无明显骨吸收,与常规法无差异。有2颗种植体失败,一例种植体松动,一例种植体有暴露。收集的自体骨修复骨缺损效果良好,一例全部以自体骨修复骨缺损时效果不佳。结论:慢速法制备种植体窝的优点明显,不仅可以收集自体骨用来修复骨缺损或上颌窦提升,而且在疏松骨质的种植术中可以更好的控制方向和力量。收集的自体骨量:I类骨>II类骨>III类骨>IV类骨。常规钻慢速法制备种植体窝在产热,骨整合与常规法无明显差异。

The clinical evaluation on collected autogenous bone in implant site of dental implant site preparation by slow rate method

Purpose ： It was the aim of the present study to evaluate whether the dental implant site preparation by slow rate method effects on dental implant site or not, and to clinically evaluate the therapeutic effect of autogenous bone collection in implant site of dental implant site preparation by slow rate method. Methods：52 patients underwent dental implant site preparation surgery. 136 im- plants were inserted and restored. 28 ITI implants, 82 OSSTEM GS implants, 10SSTEM SS implant and 25 Anyklos implants. 52 im- plants were adopted to regular rate method, 84 implants wre adopted to slow rate method. The clinical evaluation after the surgery con- tained the observation and inspection of the dental implants. Results ：134 implants succeed. There were 60 implants that the final res- toration were performed and 74 implants were not . No implants was exposed and no implant wound has obvious inflammation after the surgery . X - ray showed well osseointegration and no obvious alveolarresorption in implant margin . Conclusion ： There were obvious advantage of dental implant site preparation by the slow rate method. It not only can collect the autogenous bone for the bone deficeney or the maxillary sinus floor elevation, but also can control the orientation and the strength of the placement of implant in loosen bone . No clinical difference was found between the slow rate method and the regular rate method in statistics.