2006年青海省柴达木盆地碘缺乏病现况调查

目的 了解和掌握柴达木盆地碘缺乏病防治现状,为今后制订防治措施和策略提供参考依据.方法 2006年在柴达木境内的德令哈、格尔木、都兰、乌兰、天峻5个县(市)进行调查.每个县(市)抽取2个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)抽取1所小学.每所小学抽取51名8～10岁学生,进行甲状腺触诊检查,并采集尿样,采用过硫酸铵消化砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘;在所抽学校的5年级学生中抽取30名学生进行碘缺乏病防治知识问卷调查;同时在学校附近及离学校稍远的地方各选择1个村,每村抽取10名家庭主妇进行碘缺乏病防治知识问卷调查,并采集其家中食用盐样,采用GB/T 13025.7-1999直接滴定法测定盐碘.结果 8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率为5.9%(30/510),高于国家标准;8～10岁儿童的尿碘中位数为83.4μg/L,尿碘＜20μg/L的比率为14.9%(71/477),超过了10%的国家标准;居民合格碘盐食用率为59.0%(118/200);5年级学生和家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识问卷调查的平均分分别为31.5、35.9.而及格率分别为12.0%(36/300)、18.5%(37/200).结论 柴达木盆地碘缺乏病防治干预措施不到位,碘盐普及不够,健康教育工作有待加强.

Cross-sectional investigation of iodine deficiency disorders in Caidamu Basin in 2006,Qinghai Province

Objective To understand and to assess the current situation of iodine deficiency disorders in Qaidam Basin,and to provide the information for measures and strategies of prevention and cure of this disease.Methods Within the boarder of Qaidam,five counties(cities)were selected for the investigation,which were Delingha,Golmud,Dulah,Wulan,and Tianjun.Two townships(towns)have been selected in each county(city),51 students aged 8 to 10 in one of the primary schools in each township(town)underwent thyroid palpation examination,their urine samples were collected to test urine iodine using arsenic-Ce catalysis spectrophotometric method.Thirty students of fifth-grade class in the selected schools underwent the questionnaire of prevention knowledge of iodine deficiency disease,while 10 housewives in each village near by the school were asked for the same questions,and the edible salt in their home was quantified of iodine by using direct titration method.Results Among the children aged 8 to 10,the average prevalence rate of thyroid enlargement Was 5.9%(30/510),higher than that stipulated by the national standard.The median of urinary iodine of urinary iodine level for children aged 8 to 10 was 83.4μg/L,the ration of urinary iodine＜20μg/L Was more than 10 percent;qualified iodized salt consumption rate of residents was 59.0%(118/200);the average scores and the checkout rate of fifth-grade students and the housewives who had underwent the questionnaire survey were 31.5,12.0%(36/300)and 35.9,18.5%(37/200)respectively.Conclusions The prevention and cure of iodine deficiency disorders in selected area do not work well,iodized salt is not popular,therefore health education needs to be strengthened.