介入治疗对老年人急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死预后的影响

目的 探讨介入治疗对老年急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)预后的影响. 方法 回顾性分析1998年6月至2008年6月我院心内科住院的STEMI患者1318例,其中老年人338例(25.6%),连续入选符合标准的老年STEMI 316例为研究对象,依据是否行冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)分两组:PCI组136例(43.0%)和保守治疗组180例(57.0%).收集研究对象的临床资料,并随访2年评价患者预后. 结果 两组患者年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、吸烟饮酒史、家族史等比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者前壁STEMI、心功能Killip Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、静脉溶栓及恶性室性心律失常例数等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随访患者急性心肌梗死二级预防:多数患者戒烟限酒、控制饮食、减轻体质量、坚持运动等,较规律服用预防心室重塑、抗血小板、抗动脉粥样硬化等药物:血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素受体拮抗剂、阿司匹林、β受体阻滞剂、他汀类药物,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).2年随访发生再梗死、心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级住院人数和1个月病死率比较,保守治疗组均高于PCI组(分别为17.2%与2.2%,OR=9.224,95%CI=2.756～30.876;31.1%与8.1%,OR=5.132,95%CI=2.568～10.257;8.3%与1.5%,OR=6.091,95%CI=1.369～27.105,均P＜0.01).老年STEMI的1年、2年病死率比较,保守治疗组明显高于PCI组(分别为21.1%与2.2%,OR=11.864,95%CI=3.577～39.349;32.2%与4.41%,OR=10.301,95%CI=4.289～24.736,P＜0.01). 结论 PCI可减少老年STEMI发生再梗死、心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级住院和1个月病死率,尤其是可明显减少1年、2年病死率.因此,早期PCI可明显改善老年STEMI患者预后.

Effect of percutaneous coronary intervention on prognosis of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the elderly

Objective To investigate the effect of percutaneous eoronary intervention (PCI) on the prognosis of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI) in the elderly.Methods The 1318 ASTEMI patients in our hospital from June 1998 to June 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 338 (25.6%) elderly patients were over 60 years old, and 316patients consistent with inclusion and exclusion criteria were consecutively enrolled in our research.Then they were divided into two groups: PCI group (136 cases, 43.0%) and conservative drug treatment group (180 cases, 57. 0%). The clinical data of study objects were collected. Then they were followed up regularly for two years. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in mean age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, excess smoking,wine and family history (all P＞ 0.05). And there were no statistically significant differences in anterior wall STEMI, Killip Ⅲ-Ⅳ class, thrombolysis therapy and malignant ventricular arrhythmia (all P＞0. 05). Most of the objects proceeded therapeutic lifestyle improvements, such as giving up smoking, restricting wine, regulating diet, losing weight and insisting on exercises, and so on.Secondary prevention drugs of acute myocardial infarction including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptors blockers, beta receptor, aspirin and statins were regularly administrated in the two follow-up years. In the retrospective research, incidence rates of reinfarction, NYHA (New York Heart Association) Ⅲ-Ⅳ class heart function and one-month mortality were much higher in conservative treatment group than in PCI group (17.2% vs. 2. 2%, OR=9. 224,95% CI: 2. 756-30. 857; 31.1% vs. 8.1%,OR=5.132, 95%CI: 2. 568-10. 257; 8. 3% vs. 1.5%,OR= 6. 091, 95% CI: 1. 369-27. 105, respectively; all P ＜ 0. 01). Above all, one and two-year mortalities were much higher in conservative treatment group than in PCI group (21.1% vs. 2. 2 %,OR=11.864, 95%CI: 3.577-39.349; 32.2% vs. 4.4%, OR=10.301, 95%CI: 4.289-24.736,respectively; all P＜0. 01). Conclusions PCI may reduce the re-infarction, NYHA Ⅲ-Ⅳ class heart function and one-month mortality, especially so in view of the one and two-year mortality. PCIcan significantly improve the prognosis of ASTEMI in the elderly.