不同吸引负压在老年患者经鼻腔吸痰中的应用效果分析

目的 比较采用不同负压（15～25 kPa与25～40 kPa）吸痰对老年经鼻腔负压吸痰患者吸痰效果的影响.方法 2009年7月至2010年10月,选择未建立人工气道或已拔出人工气道的老年患者37例,随机分为两组：观察组（n=19,吸引压力=15～25 kPa）和对照组（n=18,吸引压力=25～40 kPa）,分别采用不同吸引负压经鼻腔吸痰各10 d,比较两组患者吸痰时的耐受度,吸痰前后心率、血压、脉氧饱和度、吸痰间隔时间、吸痰量的多少及气道黏膜损伤情况等.结果 与对照组患者比较,观察组患者吸痰间隔时间长、24 h吸痰量多、吸痰更彻底,对气道黏膜损害更小,组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.而吸痰时两组的耐受度以及吸痰前后两组患者的心率、血压、脉氧饱和度变化.组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 老年患者采用低压（15～25 kPa）经鼻腔吸痰的效果好,间隔时间长,吸引更彻底,可减轻患者的痛苦,提高工作效率.

Effect of two different negative pressures on nasal sputum suction in senile patients

Objective To compare the effect of two different negative pressure (15～25 kPa or 25～40 kPa) on nasal sputum aspiration in the senile patients. Methods Thirty-seven cases of senile patients without artificial airway were divided into two groups to receive nasal sputum suction for 10 days: low pressure group (n = 19, aspiration pressure = 15～25 kPa) , high pressure group (n=18, aspiration pressure =25～40 kPa). The patient's heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation before and after the procedure were monitored, patient's tolerance, aspiration interval time, sputum volume and airway mucous membrane damage were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with high pressure group, sputum suction with low pressure resulted in longer sputum interval time, more sputum suction volume within 24 h, complete sputum removal and less airway mucous membrane damage. The patient's tolerance, heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation before and after suction did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions Nasal sputum suction with low pressure is desirable for senile patient, with less pain and high efficiency.