原发性椎管内脓肿的诊断与治疗

目的 总结原发性椎管内脓肿的特点以及治疗方法,以期提高原发性椎管内脓肿的诊断与治疗水平.方法: 回顾性分析北京大学第三医院近20年来收治的13例原发性椎管内脓肿的病例,分别对其病史,病因,病原学,手术方式以及预后进行分析.结果: 所有病例病程从7 d到6个月不等,所有病例均以疼痛起病,有10例自觉肢体无力,有5例患者有发热史,8例血常规白细胞升高.13例中颈椎管内脓肿1例,颈胸段1例,胸段1例,胸腰段4例,腰骶段6例.病原学中,细菌培养阳性4例,病理学诊断结核3例,1例因发病前感染布氏杆菌(Brucella)按该细菌感染治疗,其余病例病原学结果均阴性.所有病例均行手术治疗,并获得组织病理学诊断.手术目的主要为清除病灶并减压,引流.术后根据病原学结果及临床经验予以抗感染及激素治疗.有2例术后形成切口脓肿再次行手术治疗,手术为清创及转移肌瓣修复.随访0.5~3.0年,平均1.8年.随访期1例术后复发并沿椎管扩散,再次手术治疗.所有病例最后炎症均完全恢复,神经系统体征较术前均有不同程度好转.结论: 原发性椎管内脓肿发病相对较急,主要以疼痛起病,腰骶部最好发,细菌培养多以阴性为主.建议早期手术,使用广谱,足量抗生素.术后如出现切口脓肿形成,宜在清创基础上转移肌瓣修复.术后为缓解脊髓和神经根水肿,可在抗生素保障下使用激素.

Diagnosis and treatment of primary intraspinal abscess

Objective: To summarize the feature and treatment of the primary intraspinal abscess in order to improve the prognosis.Methods: In the study, 13 cases of primary intraspinal abscess of the recent 20 years were retrospectively analyzed. The history, etiology, pathogen, surgical methods and prognosis were summarized.Results: The course of the illness ranged from 7 days to 6 months. All the cases began with pain. Of the 13 patients, 10 had limb weakness. Five had a fever and 8 had increased white blood cells. As for distribution, 1 was in cervical vertebra, 1 in cervicothoracic junction, 1 in thoracic vertebra, 4 in thoracolumbar junction, and 6 in lumbosacral segment. The results of bacterial culture were positive in 4 cases, 3 cases were diagnosed as tuberculosis by pathological examination, and 1 case was recognized as infection of Brucella melitensis bacteria because of prior brucellosis. The pathogen of the remaining cases were unclear. All the cases received surgical treatment and pathology examination. The surgical aim was mainly removal of the lesion, decompression and drainage. Postoperatively anti-infection and glucocorticoid therapy were performed according to the pathogeny results and clinical experience. Incision abscesses were seen in 2 cases and reoperations including debridement and repair with transferred muscle flap were performed. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3 years (mean 1.8 years). One case suffered postoperative recurrence and the abscess spread along the vertebral canal. Reoperation was performed. Infections of all the cases were recovered completely and the nervous system signs were all improved in different degrees.Conclusion: The onset of primary intraspinal abscess is relatively urgent, mainly with pain. The lumbar and sacral vertebra is the predilection site. The bacterial culture is mostly negative. Early operation and use of sufficient amount of broad-spectrum antibiotic are recommended. If the incision abscess forms after the operation, it is advisable to transfer the muscle flap to repair the coloboma on the basis of debridement. In order to relieve edema of spinal cord and nerve root, the glucocorticoid can be used in the escort of antibiotics.