宜兴市2010年手足口病重症病例流行特征分析

目的研究宜兴市2010年手足口病重症病例的流行特征,为正确预防、控制手足口病提供依据。方法对2010年国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的宜兴市重症手足口病病例进行流行病学分析。结果宜兴市2010年报告22例重症病例,以5～7月为发病高峰,男性、散居儿童、1～3岁婴幼儿为高发人群。外地户籍儿童进展为重症的可能性明显高于本地儿童(P=1.43×10-6),EV71感染较CoxA16更易导致重症(P=0.0385)。重症病例临床症状多有发热、皮疹、精神差、易惊、心率加快、呕吐等症状。首诊确诊率为52.38%,重症病例从发病到明确诊断的平均时间为(2.10±0.80)d,较普通病例有诊断延迟。结论对外地流动人口及小年龄组儿童的家长要加强宣教,改善卫生条件,提高卫生意识。同时加强医务人员的培训,提高对重症手足口病的识别及救治能力。

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of severe hand-foot-mouth disease in Yixing in 2010

OBJECTIVE To study epidemiological characteristics of severe hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Yixing in 2010,and to explore the proper measures for preventing and controlling it effectively.METHODS The epidemiological characteristics of severe HFMD cases reported by National Electronic Disease Surveillance System were described.RESULTS Totally,there were 22 severe HFMD cases reported in 2010.A large part of them occurred in May to July.The susceptible populations were male and scattered living kids or children aged between 1 to 3 years old.The proportion of severe HFMD cases among migrant children was significantly higher than that among local ones(P = 1.43×10-6).Compared with CoxA16 virus,EV71 infection could cause more severe disease(P = 0.038 5).Common symptoms of severe HFMD cases included fever,rash,dullness,convulsion,tachycardia and vomiting.Among all severe cases,only 52.38% were correctly diagnosed at the first visit.The diagnosis delay of severe cases was 2.10±0.80 days,which was longer than that of general cases.CONCLUSION Health education should focus on the migrant population and parents of younger children,with aims to improve hygiene conditions and hygiene awareness.Meanwhile,medical personnel should be trained regularly in order to improve the ability of identifying and treating severe HFMD correctly.