淋巴细胞亚群异常在原发免疫性血小板减少症发病机制中的研究进展

原发免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）是一种获得性自身免疫性出血性疾病，病因迄今未明，病机主要与自身免疫系统失耐受产生抗血小板抗体导致血小板破坏过多及生成不足有关。T淋巴细胞可介导适应性免疫应答；B淋巴细胞通过产生抗体发挥特异性体液免疫作用；而自然杀伤细胞是直接通过杀伤某些细胞在固有免疫应答中起重要作用，三者共同参与人体的免疫反应和免疫调节。本文就T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞和自然杀伤细胞及相应的细胞因子在原发免疫性血小板减少症发病机制中的研究现况做一综述。发现免疫功能异常在ITP的发病中扮演着重要的角色，T淋巴细胞、B细胞及自然杀伤细胞均参与其中，且通过不同的作用机制导致ITP的发生，对外周血淋巴细胞亚群水平变化进行检测以提高对ITP的实验室诊断以及在临床治疗方面都具有重要的指导意义。 

Research progress of abnormal lymphocyte subsets in pathogenesis of primary immune thrombocytopenia

Primary immune thrombocytopenia is a kind of acquired autoimmune hemorrhagic disease. The etiology is still unknown. The pathogenesis of the disease is mainly related to loss of immune system with excessive platelet destruction and insufficient production. T lymphocyte mediated adaptive immune response. B lymphocyte exert specific humoral immunity by producing antibodies. NK cells play an important role in innate immune response by killing certain cells directly. Three types of cells are all participate in the body's immune response and immune regulation. We reviewed current progress of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells and cytokines in the pathogenesis of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Immune dysfunction is important in the pathogenesis of ITP. The occurrence of ITP is caused by different mechanisms of T lymphocytes, B cells and NK cells action. The detection of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets can improve the laboratory diagnosis of ITP. It has an important guiding significance in clinical treatment.