麻黄碱干预脑缺血再灌注损伤的不良反应：不同剂量比较

Ephedrine has protective effect to rats suffered from cerebral ischemia, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the side effects of ephedrine on heart, liver, kidney and cerebrum of rats after ischemic-reperfusion. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, suffered from ischemic-reperfusion were randomly divided into 4 groups: A group for ephedrine, B group for ephedrine, C group for ephedrine, and control group （D group）.At each week, hematoxylin eosin staining was used to observe the tissue of all the organs, then, the blood pressure, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and creatinine were tested, also immunohistochemical method was used to test the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on hippocampal CA3 area. The blood pressure values were lower in ephedrine groups than those in control group all the time (P<0.05). The biochemistry results showed that AST、AKP and serum creatinine in ephedrine groups were higher than those in control groups (P<0.05). The expression levels of BDNF on hippocampal CA3 area in ephedrine groups were higher than that in control group at the last three weeks (P<0.05). The pathological section showed that in all the ephedrine groups, we can see congestion, degeneration and edema of tissues. These findings indicate that ephedrine may have side effects on heart, liver, kidney and cerebrum in ischemic/reperfusion rats. There may be correlation between the side effects and dose, the side effects are enhanced with an increased dose of ephedrine. The injury of the above organs also may be transient, which can be recovered after discontinuation of treatment.

Side effects of different doses of ephedrine in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Ephedrine has a protective effect against cerebral ischemia, but its side effects limit its clinical application. Results from a previous study showed that 1.5 mg/kg per day ephedrine can promote motion recovery in rats following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion without significant side effects. In the present study, ephedrine at doses of 3.0, 2.5 and 2.0 mg/kg was used to treat rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and the effects of ephedrine on the heart, liver, kidney and cerebrum were observed. Results showed that the blood pressure of rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury following ephedrine treatment was lower than in rats that recovered naturally from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, but the pressure decreased with increasing doses of ephedrine. In addition, serum aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine concentration in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury following ephedrine treatment were greater than in rats that recovered naturally from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The concentrations of these enzymes were decreased with increasing doses of ephedrine. Ephedrine-treated rats displayed hyperemia, degeneration and edema in the cerebrum, liver, heart and kidney. Results demonstrated that ephedrine exhibited side effects on the cerebrum, heart, liver and kidney in rats following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in a dose-dependent manner.