输血前不规则抗体筛查与输血安全

目的:探讨输血前不规则抗体筛查在输血安全中的重要性。方法:选取我院2009年3月至2012年3月共3 215例输血患者为试验组,采用聚凝胺法、微柱凝胶法行输血前不规则抗体筛查。以2006年1月至2009年2月期间我院3 113例输血患者为对照组,统计输血反应不良发生率。结果:试验组阳性率0.40%,女性阳性率(0.60%,10/1500)为男性(0.17%,3/1715)的3.5倍;女性阳性患者中,孕产妇阳性率(1.14%,8/701)是非孕产妇(0.25%,2/799)的4.5倍;肝胆外科、普外科、肾内科共10例(76.92%,10/13),其他科室3例(23.08%,3/13),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组发生输血不良反应29例,发生率为0.93%,试验组输血不良反应发生3例,发生率为0.093%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.239,P<0.05)。结论:具输血、妊娠病史患者为高危人群,肝胆外科、普外科、肾内科为高危科室,在严格执行不规则抗体检测过程后,临床输血患者中发生输血不良反应发生率明显减少。

Irregular antibodies screening before blood transfusion and safety in blood transfusion

Objective:To explore the importance of irregular antibodies screening before blood transfusion. Methods:From March 2009 to March 2012,3 215 cases of patients with blood transfusion were selected as treatment group,and irregular antibody was detected before blood transfusion by polybrene method and microcolumn gel test. From January 2009 to February 2009,3 113 cases of patients with blood transfusion were selected as control group,and the incidence of adverse transfusion reaction was counted. Results:The positive rate of treatment group was 0. 40%,and the positive rate of female(0. 60%,10/1 500) was 3. 5 times of male(0. 17%, 3/1 715). Of the entire female positive,maternal positive rate was 1. 14%,8/701,4. 5 times of non-maternal(0. 25%,2/799). Depart-ment of hepatobiliary surgery,general surgery and nephrology have 10 cases of positive(76. 92%,10/13),while other departments have 3 only(23. 08%,3/13). The difference was statistically significant(P<0. 05). There were 29 cases of adverse transfusion reaction in control group(0. 93%),while 3 cases in treatment group(0. 093%). The difference has statistical significance(χ2 =9. 239,P <0. 05). Conclusion:Patients with pregnant history and department of hepatobiliary surgery,general surgery and nephrology are high-risk groups in blood transfusion. With the strict implementation of irregular antibodies screening process,the occurrence rates of blood trans-fusion adverse reactions reduced apparently in clinical blood transfusion.