0～14a儿童支气管哮喘流行病学调查

目的 了解安徽省合肥市0～14a儿童哮喘的流行现状、分布及影响因素，以及儿童哮喘的临床特征。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法，在合肥市中市区和西市区共抽取调查对象10105人，先对所有调查对象填写初筛表进行筛查，然后再对确诊对象进行详细调查。结果 合肥市0～14a儿童哮喘累计患病率为6．06％，现患率为3．90％，其中男、女儿童的现患率分别为4．76％和2．99％。性别比为1．59：1。在年龄分布上，0～4a期间随年龄的增加哮喘的发病也增加。发病季节以秋冬季发作为主。性别、家中饲养宠物、个人过敏史及遗传因素与哮喘发病有关。哮喘发病的诱因以感冒、运动、天气变化等为主。结论 合肥市0～14a儿童哮喘的患病率高于全国平均水平，男童高于女童，多种因素可以增加哮喘的发病危险。

Epidemiological study on bronchia asthma among 0～ 14 years old children

Objective To study the epidemiological state, distribution and influence factors on bronchia asthma of 0~14 years old children in Hefei. Methods With cluster-random-sampling, 10 105 cases were sampled in two districs in Hefei to fill in disease forms at first, and carry out detail check-up. Results The current incidence rate of asthma disease was 3.9%, the accumulative incidence rate was 6.06%. The current incidence rate of asthma disease in boys and girls were 4.76% and 2.99%, respectively. Gender, respiratory infection, pets, hypersusceptibility and heredity were related to the asthma disease. The induction reason of asthma disease included influenza, sports and weather. Conclusions Incidence rate of asthma disease in children of 0~14 years old in Hefei was higher than that of the mean level of China. Pathogenesis of asthma is influenced by many factors.