高脂饲料喂养与动脉内膜球囊损伤结合建立兔腹主动脉粥样硬化模型

背景：以往研究多采用单纯饲喂高脂饲料、正常或高脂血症动物动脉内膜损伤致动脉粥样硬化狭窄模型。 目的：拟采用喂养高脂饲料与动脉内膜球囊损伤相结合的方法建立腹主动脉粥样硬化的模型。 设计、时间及地点：对比观察实验，于2007-01/03在解放军总医院动物实验中心完成。 材料：新西兰白兔20只，随机分为单纯饲喂高脂饲料组、高脂饲料与动脉内膜损伤结合组，每组10只。高脂饲料由普通颗粒饲料+4%胆固醇+10%猪油组成+10%蛋黄粉组成。 方法：单纯饲喂高脂饲料组单纯喂养高脂饲料，高脂饲料与动脉内膜损伤结合组喂养高脂饲料4周后，行腹主动脉内膜球囊损伤术。 主要观察指标：12周后取主动脉行病理检查，计算机计算脂纹脂斑厚度，内、中膜厚度，内膜厚度比值，并进行血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的测定。 结果：12周后，两组兔血脂血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均升高，高脂饲料与动脉内膜损伤结合组升高更明显(P < 0.05)。喂养高脂饲料的两组动物均出现动脉粥样硬化斑块，横段面纤维斑块切片出现钙化。与单纯饲喂高脂饲料组比较，高脂饲料与动脉内膜损伤术结合组内膜明显增厚, 形成了明显的斑块及纤维帽结构，斑块厚度与内中膜厚度比值增加明显(P < 0.01)。 结论：所诱导产生的斑块与人类斑块成分具有一定相似性，包括斑块的纤维帽、钙化、脂核等，提示采用动脉内膜损伤与高脂饮食结合方式来制作动脉粥样硬化斑块的模型是可行的、实用的。

Establishment of atherosclerosis models induced by feeding high-fat diet plus arterial intimal injury of the ventral aorta with balloon in rabbits

BACKGROUND: Studies regarding atherosclerosis models preparation commonly established by feeding high-fat diet or arterial intimal injury to healthy or hyperlipoidemia animals. OBJECTIVE: To establish atherosclerosis models induced by feeding high-fat diet combined with arterial intimal injury of ventral aorta with balloon. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A comparative observation experiment was performed at the Animal Experimental Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January to March 2007. MATERIALS: Twenty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into high-fat diet, and high-fat diet combined with arterial intimal injury groups, with 10 animals in each group. High-fat diet was composed of common forage, 4% cholesterol, 10% pork fat and 10% egg yolk powder. METHODS: Rabbits in the high-fat diet group were fed with high-fat diet. Animals in the high-fat diet combined with arterial intimal injury group were underwent operation of sacculus injury after fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Arteriae aorta was harvested after 12 weeks of operation and received pathological examination, thickness ratio of fatty streak and plaque, intima, and tunica media was calculated. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was measured. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, the levels of TC, TG, HDL and LDL were increased, which was more obviously in the high-fat diet combined with arterial intimal injury group (P < 0.05). Atherosclerotic plaque formation in two groups, and calcification could be found in the fibrous plaque section. Compared with the high-fat diet group, intima thickness increased significantly, plaque and structure of the fibrous cap was formed, and the ratio of plaque thickness and membrane thickness was obvious increased in the high-fat diet combined with arterial intimal injury group. CONCLUSION: The experimental plaque contains fibrous cap, calcification and lipid core areas, which presented great comparability to human plaque. Therefore, it is feasible and pragmatic to prepare atherosclerosis models induced by feeding high-fat diet combined with arterial intimal injury of ventral aorta with balloon in rabbits.