包头市小学生超重/肥胖影响因素分析

  目的  调查中小学生超重肥胖流行现况及影响因素，为制定有效的干预措施提供依据。  方法  利用多阶段整群抽样方法，于2018年12月 — 2019年1月对重庆沙坪坝区8所中小学5 306名学生进行超重、肥胖及影响因素调查。  结果  该地区中小学生超重和肥胖检出率分别为14.93 % 和9.18 %。男生超重率（15.87 %）和肥胖率（10.88 %）均高于女生的13.92 % 和7.35 %（P < 0.05）；初中生超重检出率（16.53 %）高于小学生（13.10 %），小学生肥胖检出率（10.85 %）高于初中生（7.71 %），差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析发现，性别、周末睡眠时间、是否独生子女、父母体型、父母屏幕时间、父母是否因学习减少孩子运动时间、进餐速度、是否吃早餐以及牛奶（豆浆）进食频率对中小学生超重肥胖有影响。  结论  重庆沙坪坝区中小学超重肥胖高于全国平均水平，家庭因素、父母因素以及个人饮食习惯是重要影响因素，应采取针对性措施予以干预。

Prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in an urban district of Chongqing city

  Objective  To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students and to provide evidences for developing effective intervention measures.  Methods  A survey on overweight and obesity and their influencing factors was conducted among 5 306 students selected with multistage cluster sampling in 8 primary and middle schools in an urban district of Chongqing city from December 2018 to January 2019. The national standards were adopted to assess overweight and obesity in the study.  Results  The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity were 14.93% and 9.18%, respectively. The rate of overweight and obesity in the boy students were significantly higher than those in the girl students (15.87% vs. 13.92% and 10.88% vs. 7.35%) (both P < 0.05); the overweight rate of junior middle school students was significantly higher than that of primary school students (16.53% vs. 13.10%, P < 0.05); but the obesity rate of senior middle school students was significantly lower than that of primary school students (7.71% vs. 10.85%, P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed following significant impact factors of overweight and obesity among the students: gender, weekend sleeping time, whether being an only child, parental body type, parents′ screening time, whether having a reduced exercise time due to studies assigned by parents, eating speed, whether having breakfast, and frequency of milk (soy milk) consumption.  Conclusion  The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity are higher than those of national average and mainly influenced by familial and parental factors and individual dietary habits among primary and middle school students in urban regions of Chongqing city and targeted intervention measures on overweight and obesity should be implemented in the students.