重庆市50岁及以上城乡居民高血压患病特点及影响因素分析

目的 了解重庆市50岁及以上城乡居民高血压患病特点及影响因素,为制定防治策略提供科学依据.方法 利用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取2 240名50岁及以上的城乡居民,对其进行问卷调查和体格检查.采用多因素Logistic回归方法对城乡居民高血压的影响因素进行分析.结果 高血压粗患病率为50.4％(年龄标化患病率为50.1％),农村患病率高于城市;渝西地区患病率(61.4％)高于渝东(48.1％)和城区(44.5％);50岁及以上居民患病率(41.7％ ～66.3％)随着年龄增长而升高;农村女性患病率(55.5％)高于男性(50.1％),城市男女性别之间患病率的差异无统计学意义;有高血压家庭史者的患病率(59.7％)高于无家族史者(49.1％);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、豆制品摄入不足、高血压家族史、缺乏体育锻炼和体质指数是城市居民高血压患病的独立危险因素;年龄、男性、文化程度低、食用泡菜或咸菜习惯、高血压家族史、吸烟和体质指数是农村居民高血压的独立危险因素.结论 重庆市50岁及以上居民高血压患病率高,年龄、高血压家族史和体质指数是城乡居民高血压患病的共同危险因素,城市还包括缺乏体育锻炼和豆制品摄入不足,农村则为吸烟、食用泡菜或咸菜的习惯和文化程度偏低.应进一步加强居民健康教育,改变不良生活方式,降低高血压患病危险.

Analysis on prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among residents over 50 years old in Chongqing City

Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among residents over 50 years old in Chongqing and provide the scientific evidence for non-communicable disease prevention and control. Methods 2 240 residents over 50 years old were sampled by multi-stage stratified random sampling. They were interviewed by face-to-face with questionnaire and physical examination. The influencing factors were identified by multivariate Logistic regression analysis model respectively. Results The prevalence was 50.4% （ the age-adjusted prevalence was 50.1% ）, it was significantly different between rural and urban. The prevalence among west area of Chongqing was signifi- cantly higher than east area and main city of Chongqing, which were 61.4%, 48.1% and 44.5% respectively. The prevalence increased by age. The prevalence of female was higher than that of male, but there was only significant difference among rural. Family history of hypertension was also a risk factor of hypertension. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that age, low intake of bean produce, family history of hypertension, lack of physical exercise and body mass index （BMI） were independent risk factors of urbanian; age, male, low-level education, high intake of pickle, family history of hypertension, smoking and BMI were independent risk factors of rural population. Condusions The prevalence of hypertension over 50 years old was high. Age, family history of hypertension and BMI were same risk factors among urban and rural in Chongqing. Among urban, lack of physical exercise and low intake of bean produce were risk factors, while smoking, low-level education and intake of pickle were risk factors among rural. It is urgent to enhance health education, change unhealthy lifestyle and decrease risk factors of hypertension in Chongqing.