住院患者分离的病原菌调查及其耐药性

目的:了解我院重症监护病房(ICU)与非ICU临床分离株的病原分布及细菌耐药状况。方法:收集本院2010年1月-2010年12月送检的标本,采用VITEK-2 compact全自动微生物鉴定仪进行菌株的鉴定和药敏试验。结果:全年分离到1496株菌。在ICU分离到的339株细菌中,前4位为鲍曼不动杆菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌。非ICU分离到的1157株细菌中前4位为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌。ICU和非ICU中耐甲氧西林金葡菌的检出率分别为金葡菌的96.3%、35.9%,耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌的检出率分别为表皮葡萄球菌的100%、80%。各种细菌的耐药率,ICU和非ICU有显著性差异。亚胺培南对ICU分离的铜绿假单胞菌的MIC50是非ICU的8倍。结论:ICU分离的细菌以非发酵菌为多。ICU病人分离细菌的耐药性比非ICU分离的细菌耐药性为高。

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from inpatients

Objective:To investigate the distribution and the antibiotic resistant rates of bacteria obtained from intensive care units(ICU) and compare with those obtained from non-ICU.Methods:Specimens were collected from January to December in 2010 from ICU and non-ICU in our hospital.Bacteria strains were identified and conducted susceptibility test with VITEK-2.Results:There were 339 of total 1496 strains isolated from ICU.Among the 339 strains,the most common pathogens were Acinetobacter baumanni,Burkholderia cepacia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia.There were 1157 strains isolated from non-ICU.The most common pathogens in non-ICU were Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia.The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in S.aureus from ICU and non-ICU were 96.3% and 35.9% respectively.The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis(MRSE) in S.epidermidis from ICU and non-ICU were 100% and 80% respectively.Resistant rates of the pathogens isolated from ICU were significantly higher than those from non-ICU.MIC50 values against bacterium isolated from ICU to Imipenem were 8 times higher than those from non-ICU.Conclusion:The most pathogenic bacteria isolated from ICU were non fermenting Gram-negative bacteria.Resistant rates of bacteria isolated from ICU were significantly higher than those from non-ICU.