慢性病患儿父母应激源、应对方式、心理状态及其影响因素的研究

目的了解慢性病患儿父母的应激源、应对方式、心理状态及其影响因素，为临床工作者提供信息，为临床干预提供依据。方法对280名慢性病儿童父母进行调查，采用半结构访谈方式了解其应激源，采用CHIP应对方式量表、Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）和Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）了解其应对方式、焦虑、抑郁状态。结果患儿父母应激源主要包括6个方面：患儿病情及身体状况、疾病治疗、经济方面、照顾患儿方面、角色功能及沟通交流。父母采用的积极应对方法比较局限，更多集中在为患儿寻求和维持更好的疾病治疗方面，而忽视了其自身的心理调节和寻求社会支持。58．6％的父母存在焦虑，56．8％存在抑郁，49．6％的父母同时存在焦虑和抑郁。父母应激源越多压力程度越大，采用积极应对方式的频率越少，焦虑和抑郁程度越重；良好的心理状态与其积极的应对方式呈正相关。结论慢性病患儿父母应激源较多，压力较大，对积极的应对方式的选择还比较局限，心理问题也较严重，应引起重视。

Stressors, coping strategies, and psychosocial state in parents of children with chronic diseases

Objective To explore the stressors, coping strategies, and psychosocial state in parents of children with chronic diseases. Methods Two hundred and eighty parents of children with chronic diseases were administered a semi-structured interview identifying their stressors. Parents were asked to complete the Coping Health Inventory for Parents scale (CHIP), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results The stressors in parents mainly included six aspects: child' s health, medical treatment of children, financial problems, medical care of child, parental role function, and communication. The parents more used the coping strategies of "maintaining family integration, cooperation" and less used "maintaining social support, psychological stability". The prevalence of anxiety disorders of parents was 58.6%, the prevalence of depression disorders was 56.8%, and 49.6% of the parents had both anxiety and depression disorders. For parents, the more stressors they had, the less active coping strategies they used; active coping strategies were positively related to the well psychosocial states. Conclusions Parents of children with chronic diseases have many stressors while they use hmited active coping strategies. In addition, the prevalence of anxiety disorders and the prevalence of depression disorders among them were high.