轨道交通公共场所预防性卫生学评价相关技术的研究

目的探索轨道交通公共场所预防性卫生学评价相关技术。方法对预防性卫生学评价实践工作进行归纳分析,同时参考文献、参考成熟的预评价标准、研读卫生法规和标准进行研究。结果评价类型:设计卫生学预评价、工程竣工卫生学评价;评价依据:法规规章、标准和规范、基础依据、其他依据;评价方法:卫生学调查、工程卫生分析、类比法、检查表分析法、检测检验法、风险评估法;评价程序:准备阶段的完成方案编制,实施阶段的完成单元分析评价,完成阶段的归纳单元评价、得出结论和完成报告编制;评价内容:车站选址,车站建筑卫生学,公共区域微小气候和环境卫生质量,空调通风排气设施、消声防震设施、环境电磁场防护设施、给排水设施、采光照明设施及卫生质量,辅助卫生设施,车辆卫生,卫生管理,应急救援措施。结论本研究的评价类型、依据、方法、程序、内容基本能满足轨道交通公共场所预防性卫生学评价技术需求。

Study on related technologies for preventative hygienic evaluation of public places for rail transit

Objective To explore related technologies for preventative hygienic evaluation of public places for rail transit.Methods Practical work of preventative hygienic evaluation was summarized and analyzed;References and mature pre-evaluation standards were referred to;Health regulations and standards were studied.Results Types of evaluation were hygienic pre-evaluation of design and hygienic evaluation of project completion;Basis of evaluation included laws and regulations,standards and norms,fundamental basis and other basis;Methods of evaluation were hygiene survey,engineering health analysis,analogy,checklist analysis,inspection and testing method,and risk assessment method;Procedures of evaluation were as follows： completion of project establishment in preparation phase,completion of unit analysis and evaluation in implementation phase,evaluation of the induction unit,drawing of conclusions and completion of report drafting in completion phase;Contents of evaluation included location of station,hygiene of station building,micro-climate and quality of environmental health in public areas,air conditioning and ventilation facilities,noise elimination and shockproof facilities,environmental EMF protection facilities,water supply and drainage facilities,lighting and illumination facilities and quality of health,secondary health facilities,vehicle health,health management and emergency rescue measures.Conclusion In this study,types,basis,methods,procedures and contents of evaluation can meet the technical requirements of preventative hygienic evaluation of public places for rail transit basically.