加餐对儿童青少年膳食营养状况的影响

目的 了解中国3~17岁儿童青少年加餐情况,营养素摄入状况,为儿童青少年的加餐提供科学指导。方法 选用“中国居民健康与营养调查”2011年3~17岁儿童青少年为本次研究对象,按照加餐情况分组描述各年龄层调查对象营养素摄入情况,并与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量进行比较。结果 本研究共纳入有效研究对象2 012人,68.84%的调查对象有加餐;加餐供能比中位数为9.00%,按照加餐供能比将加餐分为“少量加餐”和“加餐”两组。加餐的食物中消费率最高的是水果类,在加餐中消费率为79.28%;乳类在加餐者中消费率为29.17%;加餐组各营养素的摄入量均高于未加餐组,在各年龄层下,营养素摄入量差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。本研究中,加餐组中各营养素满足平均需要量的水平比重均高于未加餐组,其中加餐供能比较高组营养素摄入不足发生率最低;本研究中加餐组维生素A、铁、锌的摄入高于可耐受最高摄入量的比重较高。结论 我国儿童青少年加餐会提高营养素摄入量,降低营养素摄入不足的比重,同时加餐也存在营养素摄入过量的风险,应倡导儿童青少年的科学合理加餐行为。

Effect of snacking on dietary nutrition condition of children and adolescents

Objective To investigate the situation of snacking intake and nutrients supplementation in Chinese children and adolescents aged 3-17 years,in order to provide scientific guidance for snacking in children and adolescents. Methods Data were extracted from the China Health and Nutrition Study(CHNS) in 2011. The amount of nutrients dietary intake in different snacking groups was described,and was compared with Chinese dietary reference intakes. Results A total of 2 012 valid subjects were included in the study,of whom 68.84% had snacking,and the medium of energy supply ratio was 9%. The participants were divided into snacking 1(S1) group and snacking 2(S2) group according to the energy supply ratio. The energy supply ratio in S2 group was higher,while it was contrast in S1 group. The highest percentage of snacking was fruits(79.28%),and 29.17% of the snacking were dairy in snacking group. The amount of nutrients supplementation was higher in S2 group than that in group without snacking,and the difference was significant in different age groups(P＜0.05) . In this study,the proportion of nutrients meeting estimated average requirement in S2 group was higher than no snacking group. Also,the proportion of vitamin A,Fe and Zn intake more than tolerable upper intake levels in snaking group was much higher. Conclusions Snacking behavior would increase the amount of nutrients intake,and decrease the proportion of insufficient of nutrients intake to a large extent. As a result,scientific and reasonable snacking behavior is suggested to be advocated in children and adolescents.