2010年四川省狂犬病监测

目的分析四川省狂犬病监测点暴露人群流行病学状况,为狂犬病相关防治提供有效的依据。方法选取2005-2009年四川省狂犬病高发的6个县为监测点,要求每个监测点选择1个县级疾病控制中心和2个乡镇卫生院的犬伤门诊对犬/猫伤处置及相关情况进行登记。对其中3个监测点采集的258份犬标本使用免疫荧光法进行犬只带毒检测。使用Epidata3.02建立数据库,Excel2007统计分析。结果 2010年6个监测点共登记4 835例暴露者,男女比例为1.05∶1;15岁以下儿童暴露占32.60%;6～9月暴露占全年的45.93%;上下肢暴露占66.39%;Ⅲ级暴露占55.56%。暴露者注射疫苗率为98.87%,Ⅲ级暴露注射免疫球蛋白为23.49%。结论 6个监测点犬伤门诊就诊数男女几乎相等,低年龄组暴露为主,夏秋季暴露居多,暴露部位主要为上下肢,犬伤者暴露后使用狂犬免疫球蛋白意识不强。尚需加强农村地区乡镇卫生院犬伤处置培训;加强对农民狂犬病预防知识及伤口处置等预防知识的宣传。

Rabies Surveillance in Sichuan Province,2010

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation among the exposed people in rabies surveillance sites of Sichuan province,provide effective evidence for its prevention and control.Methods Selected 6 counties in Sichuan province with high prevelance of rabies during 2005-2009 as surveillance sites.In each site,selected 1 county CDC and dog related injury clinics in 2 town hospitals to register the situation of dog/cat related injuries and disposed of the cases.Immunofluorescence method was adopted for detection of infected dog from 258 dog’s samples collected in 3 surveillance sites.Established database by using Epidata 3.02,and data was analyzed with Excel 2007.Results Totally 4 835 cases from 6 surveillance sites were registered in 2010,the male to female ratio was 1.05∶1.Among the cases,exposed children aged under 15 years accounted for 32.60%,people exposed during June to September accounted for 45.93%,exposed at the limbs accounted for 66.39% and grade Ⅲ exposure accounted for 55.56%.Vaccination rate of the exposed people was 98.87%,immune globulins injection rate of people with grade Ⅲ exposure was 23.49%.Conclusions In the number of visits to dog related injury clinics in 6 surveillance sites,males and females had the equal number,exposed cases mainly in low age groups,mostly exposed in summer and autumn,exposed mainly on the lower limbs.Most people had low awareness of using immune globulins after rabies exposure.Training on disposal of dog related injury for doctors in rural town hospitals,advocacy on farmers’ knowledge of rabies prevention and wound disposal should be strengthened.