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Effectiveness of an intervention to improve diabetes self-management on clinical outcomes in patients with low educational level
Authors:Antonio Olry de Labry Lima  Clara Bermúdez Tamayo  Guadalupe Pastor Moreno  Julia Bolívar Muñoz  Isabel Ruiz Pérez  Mira Johri  Fermín Quesada Jiménez  Pilar Cruz Vela  Ana M. de los Ríos Álvarez  Miguel Ángel Prados Quel  Enrique Moratalla López  Susana Domínguez Martín  José Andrés Lopez de Hierro  Ignacio Ricci Cabello
Affiliation:1. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Granada, Spain;2. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada; Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain;3. CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain;4. Division of Global Health, University of Montreal; Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada;5. Centro de Salud Cartuja, Granada, Spain;6. Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
Abstract:

Objective

To determine whether an intervention based on patient-practitioner communication is more effective than usual care in improving diabetes self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes with low educational level.

Methods

12-month, pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. Nine physicians and 184 patients registered at two practices in a deprived area of Granada (Andalusia, Spain) participated in the study. Adult patients with type 2 diabetes, low educational level and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) > 7% (53.01 mmol/mol) were eligible. The physicians in the intervention group received training on communication skills and the use of a tool for monitoring glycaemic control and providing feedback to patients. The control group continued standard care. The primary outcome was difference in HbA1c after 12 months. Dyslipidaemia, blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference were also assessed as secondary outcomes. Two-level (patient and provider) regression analyses controlling for sex, social support and comorbidity were conducted.

Results

The HbA1c levels at 12 months decreased in both groups. Multilevel analysis showed a greater improvement in the intervention group (between-group HbA1c difference= 0.16; p = 0.049). No statistically significant differences between groups were observed for dyslipidaemia, blood pressure, body mass index and waist circumference.

Conclusions

In this pragmatic study, a simple and inexpensive intervention delivered in primary care showed a modest benefit in glycaemic control compared with usual care, although no effect was observed in the secondary outcomes. Further research is needed to design and assess interventions to promote diabetes self-management in socially vulnerable patients.
Keywords:Diabetes mellitus type 2  Primary health care  Health inequalities  Self care  Randomised controlled trial  Diabetes mellitus tipo 2  Atención primaria de salud  Desigualdades en salud  Autocuidado  Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado
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