吉林省鼠疫自然疫源地黄鼠聚集面积的研究

目的]了解不同行政区域、景观区域及景观类型黄鼠聚集性,为科学制定吉林省鼠疫疫源地监测及防治措施提供科学依据。方法]在11类景观区域设104个调查点。采用单公顷样方法按景观类型0.5%比例分层抽样,根据有鼠样方所占比例计算黄鼠聚集面积。结果]吉林省黄鼠分布面积4257167 km^2。按行政区划黄鼠聚集面积793286 km^2,占黄鼠分布面积的18.63%。从景观区域来看,以德龙岗-北大岗真草草原区黄鼠聚集性最高,有鼠样方所占比例为37.61%;乾安黄土台地和通榆-双辽风沙草原区次之,分别为28.67%和24.83%。生境类型则以固定沙丘聚集性最高,为53.78%;耕地聚集性较低,仅为9.79%。从行政区域来看,通榆、乾安、洮南、双辽黄鼠聚集性大于20%。结论]以固定沙丘、沙性平原草原、丘麓台地草原、林地边缘地带及耕地的坟地、撂荒地、地格等为重点监测和灭鼠区域。

STUDY ON SPEMOPHILUS DAURICUS GATHERING AREAS OF PLAGUE NATRUAL FOCUS IN JILIN PROVINCE

Objective]To understand Spemophilus dauricus' gathering characteristics in different administrative and landscope divisions and landscope types to provide scientific basis for scientific focus surveillance and plague control measures of Jilin province.Methods]104 investigation spots in eleven landscops divisions were set up.0.5% proportion sampling were conducted according to landscope types and occupying proportion.The gathering areas of Spemophilus dauricus were calculated using sample methods per km2.Results]The distributive areas of Spemophilus dauricus were 4 257 167 km2 in Jilin province and the gathering areas of Spemophilus dauricus were 793 286 km2,which accounted for 18.63% of the distributive areas of Spemophilus dauricus.The highest density gathering areas of Spemophilus dauricus existed in DeLong gang-beida gang grasslands and sample areas of mice occupied 37.61% of the landscope divisions.Areas of windy and sandy grasslands which took the second place were 28.67% and 24.83% in Loess mesa in Qian'an and TongYu-ShuangLiao.Landscope types occupied 53.78% and gathering of fixed dunes were the highest.Gathering of cultivated land was lower and only occupied 9.79%.Gathering of Spemophilus dauricus was more than 20% in TongYu,Qian'an,Taonan and Shuangliao from the divisions of administration.Conclusion]The area of surveillance and deratization divisions should be dunes,sandy plain grasslands,hilly platform grasslands,brink of woods and ploughed graveyards,wastelands and empty lands among crop fields.