非囊性纤维化性支气管扩张症的免疫调节机制

支气管扩张症是慢性炎症性支气管疾病的一种，病理上表现为一个或多个支气管的永久性扩张。非囊性纤维化性支气管扩张症的发病往往与反复感染、免疫缺陷或自身免疫性疾病相关，也有相当一部分呈特发性。细菌定植、气道炎症和气道结构损伤这样一个恶性循环导致了支气管扩张症的发生，其中气道炎症承前启后，是整个恶性循环的关键，因此研究气道炎症的免疫调节机制对理解其发病机理具有重要意义，并可指导支气管扩张症的药物研发。本文着重讨论了与支气管扩张症的发病密切相关的细胞与分子免疫调节机理，并阐述了细菌慢性定植的机理，还结合免疫调节讨论了支气管扩张症的新药研发。

Immunoregulatory mechanism of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is one of chronic inflammatory bronchial diseases, with the pathological presentation of one or more bronchial permanent dilation. Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is usually associated with recurrent infections, immunodefieiency or autoimmune diseases, and a quite portion is specific. The vicious cycle of bacterial colonization, airway inflammation, and airway structural damage results in hronchiectasis. Airway inflammation is the key of the cycle, therefore, the studies of immunoregulatory mechanism of airway inflammation are important, which can guide the research and development of drugs in bronchiectasis. This review focuses on molecular and cellular immunoregulatory mechanism associated with the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis, and discusses the mechanism of bacterial chronic colonization. Drug research and development associated with immunoregulation in bronchiectasis is also discussed.