霉变药材的微性状鉴定

目的 建立一种可快速检测霉变中药材和饮片的方法。方法 选择甘草、三七、菊花、金银花、金钱草、番泻叶、黄芩、党参和白果9种中药材，以洒水和温室放置的方法使药材霉变，用水洗法、刷霉法、颠簸法除去药材表面霉菌后，在普通生物显微镜下观察药材的微性状特征。结果 在8种药材的裂隙或凹陷处等不易洗刷部位可观察到菌丝和孢子囊，残留的菌丝和孢子数量因药材表面粗糙程度和裂隙大小而异，只有1种表面光滑的白果药材不易观察到霉变特征。结论 微性状鉴定法可以快速检测一些经过水洗、刷霉、颠簸等方法处理过的霉变药材。

Identification of Microscopic Characteristics of Medicinal Materials with Mildew and Rot

Objective To establish a method for rapid detection of mildew and rot in Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces. Methods A total of nine Chinese medicinal materials were selected, i.e., Radix Glycyrrhizae, Radix Notoginseng, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Lonicera japonica, Lysimachia christinae, senna, Scutellaria baicalensis, Codonopsis Radix, and Ginkgo Semen. Watering and placement in the greenhouse were applied to cause mildew and rot, and the water washing method, mildew brushing method, and turbulence method were used to remove the moulds on the surface of medicinal materials. A biological microscope was used to observe the microscopic characteristics of medicinal materials. Results Hyphae and sporangia were observed in the cracks and folds of eight medicinal materials, and the numbers of hyphae and sporangia varied with the roughness of the surface of medicinal materials and the size of cracks. Mildew characteristics were not observed in only 1 medicinal material, Ginkgo Semen. Conclusion Identification of microscopic characteristics helps with the rapid detection of medicinal materials with mildew and rot which have been treated by water washing, mildew brushing, and turbulence methods.