图、词回忆中的序列位置效应及其年龄变化规律

目的：探讨图、词回忆中的首因和近因效应及其年龄变化规律。方法：采用多维记忆评估量表中的汉词回忆和图画回忆分测验对947人的连续年龄组的大样本进行测试，分析不同通道首因和近因效应的差异和年龄变化规律。结果：受试在汉词和图画自由回忆中，均呈现明显的系列位置效应；受试的首因和近因效应均随年龄的增长而增大。当发展到高峰后则随年龄的增长而减弱，各年龄组间比较有显著差异；首因和近因效应随年龄增长是不平行的，首因效应随年龄的增长变化较大。而近因效应的变化则相对较为平缓；两种不同呈现途径的比较发现，图画回忆的首因和近因效应均高于汉词回忆。结论：视觉和听觉呈现途径均呈现明显的系列位置效应，首因效应和近因效应的发展变化规律与记忆的发展变化规律是一致的。首因效应受年龄的影响较大，在有意义的图画回忆中首因效应和近因效应均高于汉词回忆。

The Serial Position Effect and Its Age-related Changes in the Picture and Word Recall

Objective:To explore serial position effect and it's age related changes in Picture and Chinese Word Recall Method:Chinese Word Recall and Picture Recall of the Multiple Memory Assessment Scale (MMAS) were administered 947 subjects aged from 5 to 91 Results:The subjects expressed overt serial position effect in Word Recall and Picture Recall The primacy and recency effect increased with age before 20 years old, and then decreased with age The development of primacy and recency effect were unbalanced, primacy effect changed more obviously than recency effect with age Compared with Word Recall, the subjects show more obvious primacy and recency effect in Picture Recall Conclusion:There is overt serial position effect in both visual and auditory memory The developmental rule of primacy and recency effect is consistent with the developmental rule of memory Comparing with recency effect, primacy effect is more easily influenced by aging Primacy and recency effects are more obvious in significant picture recall than in word recall