《伤寒论》汗法小议

仲景在运用汗法时着重强调机体阴阳、气血盛衰的重要性,同是外感风寒,阳证、阴证所表现的征象有所不同,表现为脏腑功能上,阳证人多为热证,阴证人多表现为寒证,即转归、从化;卫外不固,则邪气乘虚入里,直中脏腑,寒邪直中所虚之处,运用发汗解表治疗同样有效,便为异病同治。处于同一环境中的人,对正气足的人可能不发病,反之,对于阳气虚的人则为虚邪,当避之有时。发汗法在治疗除表证外的其他疾病中亦发挥着重要作用,这一点在桂枝汤中得到较好的体现。女性更年期综合征多表现为时发热自汗出,烦躁,以桂枝汤服之多能达到阴阳的平和,此时的桂枝汤可以不发汗,反而表现为止汗。

Discussion on Sweating Strategy in Treatise on Cold Damage

During the application of sweating strategy,Zhang Zhongjing stresses the importance of yin and yang as well as the prosperity and decline of qi and blood within the body.For exogenous wind cold,yang syndrome and yin syndrome have different signs,manifesting on the visceral function;for patients with yang syndrome,it manifests as heat syndrome and for patients with yin syndrome,it maifests as cold syndrome,which is transmission and transformation in accordance with individual condition.Defensive exterior fails to consolidate and pathogenic qi attacks and enters directly the viscera.For the deficiency due to attack of cold pathogen,method of sweating and relieving the exterior is also effective,which is called different diseases treated with same therapy.Under same environment,people with sufficient healthy qi is not susceptible to disease but people with deficient yang qi should avoid timely.Sweating strategy exerts important effects on treating other diseases expect for exterior syndrome,which is well embodied in Cinnamon Twig Decoction.Menopausal syndrome mostly manifests as fever,spontaneous sweating and dysphoria,and Cinnamon Twig Decoction can harmonize yin and yang.In this case,Cinnamon Twig Decoction doesn't promote sweating but stopping sweating.