母系遗传药物性聋与非综合征性聋大家系与基因突变的研究

目的对一个氨基糖甙类药物性聋和非综合征聋的母系遗传性中国大家系进行遗传学分析,并发现全新的线粒体DNA C1494T突变.方法征集该家系中成员进行听力学检查,并收集提取DNA进行线粒体DNA PCR扩增分析,对其主要成员建立传代细胞系进行氨基糖甙类抗生素敏感试验和细胞氧消耗率检测.结果在没有接受氨基糖甙类抗生素时,一些母系遗传的成员表现为迟发/进行性听力下降,其程度不等,平均发病年龄自55岁(第2代)逐渐提前到10岁(第5代).氨基糖甙类抗生素可导致母系成员听力下降,而且接受药物的年龄似乎与听力下降程度有关.对该家系成员进行线粒体DNA测序发现高度保守的12S rRNA中1494位点C突变为T(C1494T),可以形成新的U1494-1555A碱基对,与耳聋有关的A1555G突变所造成的C1494-1555G碱基对结构相类似.当培养液中含有氨基糖甙类抗生素时,携带C1494T突变的4名听力遗传者和2名听力正常成员所建立的传代淋巴细胞系的细胞倍增时间显著延长,并且其细胞氧消耗总量显著降低.结论线粒体12S rRNA的A点是氨基糖甙类药物性聋的主要作用位点,而细胞核背景在氨基糖甙类药物性聋的发病中有重要作用,对C1494T突变的相关的耳聋发病中也有重要作用.

Maternally inherited aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic deafness is associated with the novel mutation in the mitochondrial DNA in a large Chinese family

We report here the characterization of a large Chinese family with maternally transmitted aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic deafness. In the absence of aminoglycosides, some matrilineal relatives in this family exhibited late-onset/progressive deafness, with a wide range of severity and age at onset. Notably, the average age at onset of deafness has changed from 55 years (generation II) to 10 years (generation IV). Clinical data reveal that the administration of aminoglycosides can induce or worsen deafness in matrilineal relatives. The age at the time of drug administration appears to be correlated with the severity of hearing loss experienced by affected individuals. Sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA in this pedigree identified a homoplasmic C-to-T transition at position 1494 (C1494T) in the 12S rRNA gene. The C1494T mutation is expected to form a novel U1494-1555A base pair, which is in the same position as the C1494-1555G pair created by the deafness-associated A1555G mutation, at the highly conserved A site of 12S rRNA. Exposure to a high concentration of paromomycin or neomycin caused a variable but significant average increase in doubling time in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from four symptomatic and two asymptomatic individuals in this family carrying the C1494T mutation when compared to four control cell lines. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the rate of total oxygen consumption was observed in the mutant cell lines. Thus, our data strongly support the idea that the A site of mitochondrial 12S rRNA is the primary target for aminoglycoside-induced deafness. These results also strongly suggest that the nuclear background plays a role in the aminoglycoside ototoxicity and in the development of the deafness phenotype associated with the C1494T mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene.