血管性认知障碍的诊断

血管性认知障碍(vascular cognitive inpairment,VCI)是由脑血管危险因素(如高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症等)、明显(如脑梗死和脑出血等)或不明显的脑血管病(如白质疏松症和慢性脑缺血)引起的从轻度认知障碍到痴呆的一大类综合征.准确的早期诊断町提供最佳的治疗机会,并延缓病情的发展.近年来,对VCI的研究取得了很大进展.文章对VCI从病因、临床表现、神经心理学、影像学、神经电生理、生物学标志物和诊断标准等方面做了综述.

Diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment

Vascular eognitive impairment (VCI) is a large class of syndromes from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, which are caused by the cerebrovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia), obvious (eg, cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage) or unobvious cerebrovascular diseases (leukoaraiosis and chronic cerebral ischemia). Accurate early diagnosis provides the best treatment opportunity and slows down the progress of the disease. In recent years, the research on VCI has made a great progress. This article reviews VCI from the aspects of the etiology, clinical manifestation, neuropsychology, imaging, neuroelectrophysiology, biomarkers, and diagnostic criteria.