临终关怀对老年住院临终患者生活质量及心理状态的改善

目的：了解临终关怀对住院老年临终患者生活质量及心理状态的影响。方法：选择住院晚期肿瘤患者76例，分为研究组和对照组（n=38）。对研究组患者实施1个月以上的临终关怀护理干预，对照组按常规进行整体护理，观察干预前后2组患者在生活质量、社会支持、生活满意度及焦虑抑郁情绪等方面的情况。结果：研究组患者接受干预后在生活质量（QOL）总分及其分类指标如食欲、精神、睡眠、家庭理解与配合、对癌症的认识、对治疗的态度、面部表情以及生活满意度、社会支持总分及主观支持、对支持的利用度各方面评分均高于干预前和干预后对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；焦虑、抑郁水平低于干预前和干预后对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。对照组除在生活质量分类指标中的疼痛、日常生活情况、面部表情以及社会支持总分和主观支持度评分降低外（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），其他变化均无统计学意义。结论：临终关怀可以提高老年住院临终患者的生活质量、主观支持度、对支持的利用度及生活满意度，同时可以降低焦虑抑郁等负性情绪，改善心理状态。

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Objective To investigate the influence of hospice care on the life quality and psychological state of aged mortal inpatients. Methods Seventy-six aged patients were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=38). The research group was treated with hospice care, while the control group was treated with conventional nursing. Before and after more than one month of the interference, the quality of life, social support, satisfied degree, anxiety, and depression mood were investigated. Results All the indexes, such as total scale of life quality, appetite, spirit, sleep, family comprehension and coordination, recognition of cancer, attitude to therapy, and facial expression of the mortal inpatients after the interference, were raised and higher than those of the controls (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Life satisfaction index and the total scale of social support and subjective support, utilization ratio of support were raised and higher than those of the controls (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The level of anxiety and depression was decreased and lower than the control (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion Hospice care can raise the life quality, subjective support, utilization ratio of support and life satisfaction of aged mortal inpatients. It could decrease the negative mood, such as anxiety and depression and improve the psychological state.