Effect of machine-washing semen-stained fabrics on the persistence of human spermatozoa DNA: A systematic review of five articles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia;2. Department of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia;3. Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia;4. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia;5. Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia;1. Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopedic Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, viale Regina Elena n. 336, Rome 00161, Italy;2. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via Gramsci n. 14, Parma 43126, Italy;1. University of Fukui School of Medical Sciences, Department of Forensic Medicine, 23-3 Matsuoka, Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan;2. Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kita 15 Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan;3. Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Center for Cause of Death Investigtion, Kita 15 Nishi7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan;1. Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;2. Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;1. Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong, Australia;2. Victoria Police Forensic Services Centre, Macleod, Australia;3. School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia;1. Department of Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan;2. Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;1. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Shri Balaji Institute of Medical Science, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India;2. Department of Pathology, Rajmata Shrimati Devendra Kumari Singhdeo Government Medical College, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India;3. Department of Radiodiagnosis, Pt Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India |
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| Abstract: | Biological evidence of sexual violence, such as semen, can change due to fabric washing. This can be due to attempts by the perpetrator to eliminate evidence or because the victim feels ashamed of sexual violence. While much research on this topic has been conducted, no systematic review has been attempted. This systematic review explores the effect of fabric machine-washing on the persistence of human spermatozoa deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This systematic review seeks in vitro experiments in which semen-stained fabrics were washed by washing machines, published in English, and matched with keywords in PubMed, Europe PMC, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. We then assessed the obtained articles with the Joanna Briggs Institute quasi-experimental checklist. This systematic review used the narrative synthesis method. Our search yielded five articles. These articles observe the effect of machine-washing factors on the persistence of human spermatozoa DNA, such as water temperature, washing duration, detergent type, washing repetition, and duration of fabric storage before washing. This systematic review shows that fabric washing insignificantly affects spermatozoa DNA persistence, and DNA might persist after multiple washes. However, variations in the articles indicate that future studies on this topic need to account for more variables and be reported in more detail to reduce bias. |
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| Keywords: | Fabric washing Semen Spermatozoa DNA Persistence |
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