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HOXB13 overexpression is an independent predictor of early PSA recurrence in prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy
Authors:Cristina Villares Zabalza  Meike Adam  Christoph Burdelski  Waldemar Wilczak  Corina Wittmer  Stefan Kraft  Till Krech  Stefan Steurer  Christina Koop  Claudia Hube-Magg  Markus Graefen  Hans Heinzer  Sarah Minner  Ronald Simon  Guido Sauter  Thorsten Schlomm  Maria Christina Tsourlakis
Affiliation:1. Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany;2. Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany;3. General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany;4. Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
Abstract:
HOXB13 is a prostate cancer susceptibility gene which shows a cancer predisposing (G84E) mutation in 0.1–0.6% of males. We analyzed the prognostic impact of HOXB13 expression by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing more than 12,400 prostate cancers. Results were compared to tumor phenotype, biochemical recurrence, androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) as well as molecular subtypes defined by ERG status and genomic deletions of 3p, 5q, 6q, and PTEN. HOXB13 immunostaining was detectable in 51.7% of 10,216 interpretable cancers and considered strong in 9.6%, moderate in 19.7% and weak in 22.3% of cases. HOXB13 expression was linked to advanced pT stage, high Gleason grade, positive lymph node status (p < 0.0001 each), high pre-operative PSA levels (p = 0.01), TMPRSS2:ERG fusion, PTEN deletions, AR expression, cell proliferation, reduced PSA expression and early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). The prognostic value of HOXB13 was independent from established parameters including Gleason, stage, nodal stage and PSA. Co-expression analysis identified a subset of tumors with high HOXB13 and AR but low PSA expression that had a particularly poor prognosis. HOXB13 appears to be a promising candidate for clinical routine tests either alone or in combination with other markers, including AR and PSA.
Keywords:HOXB13   ERG   PTEN   TMA   prostate cancer
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