Mercury exposure and omega-3 fatty acid intake in relation to renal function in the US population |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA;2. Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT 06134, USA;3. National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liou City 640, Taiwan;1. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA;2. Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, CT 06134, USA;3. National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liou City 640, Taiwan;1. Department of Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8563, Japan;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;3. Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc., #1 Nishinokyo-Shimoaicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan;4. Japan Public Health Association, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;5. Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan;1. Westat, 1600 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;2. Office of Science and Technology, Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20460, USA;1. Sr Consultant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi 110076, India;2. Registrar, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi 110076, India;3. Fellow, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi 110076, India;1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA;3. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Laboratoire Santé Travail Environnement, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;2. INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;3. CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;4. INSERM, UMR1086-Cancers et Préventions, F-14000 Caen, France;5. Univ. Caen Basse-Normandie, F-14000 Caen, France;6. Centre François Baclesse, F-14000 Caen, France;7. CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Pneumologie, F-33400 Pessac, France |
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| Abstract: | It remains unclear whether exposure to low-level mercury (Hg) is associated with impaired renal function, and whether omega-3 fatty acid (FA) intake could affect the association of interest. The current study examined the association of blood Hg and omega-3 FAs with renal function using data from 1046 subjects aged 40 or above from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Kidney function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and occurrence of albuminuria. Logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the association of interest with confounding variable adjustment. The analyses indicated that blood Hg was associated with reduced eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in a dose-response fashion (p < 0.05). The association was particularly apparent with adjustment for blood omega-3 FA levels. The adjusted odds ratio for having reduced eGFR was 2.94 (95% confidence interval = 1.04–8.33) in the highest tertile of blood Hg as compared with the lowest tertile. There was no significant association between Hg exposure and albuminuria. In summary, this study demonstrates that Hg exposure is associated with increased odds of having lower GFR in the US population aged 40 or above. A statistical association with albuminuria was not apparent. We also observed that omega-3 FA intake may play a preventive role in Hg-induced nephrotoxicity. Additional studies are warranted to determine the sources, exposure routes, and forms of Hg most responsible for observed associations. |
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| Keywords: | Mercury Renal function Omega-3 fatty acids |
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