艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者与其家属艾滋病相关羞辱和歧视的研究

目的 了解某农村社区艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)与其家属遭遇的羞辱和歧视,并分析造成相关羞辱和歧视的原因.方法 采用自制调查问卷,对某农村艾滋病流行区的117例HIV/AIDS及其相应的190名健康家属进行面对面问卷调查.结果 HIV/AIDS与其家属遭受到的羞辱和歧视可分为两类,即内在的羞辱和歧视及外在的羞辱和歧视;这两种羞辱和歧视在HIV/AIDS与其家属之间的差异有统计学意义(t=-12.540,P=0.000);且HIV/AIDS与其家属遭受的内在的羞辱和歧视要高于外在的羞辱和歧视.艾滋病内在的羞辱和歧视与研究对象的自我效能(OR=0.558,P=0.041)、家庭功能(OR=0.650,P=0.027)、是否感染HIV(OR=2.116,P=0.004)等因素有关.艾滋病外在的羞辱和歧视与研究对象的自我效能(OR=0.468,P=0.028)、家庭功能(OR=0.427,P=0.000)、是否感染HIV(OR=3.412,P=0.001)有关.结论 某农村社区HIV/AIDS与其家属在社会环境中均遭受到一定的内在、外在的羞辱和歧视,应采取有针对性的策略和措施,减少并消除这种羞辱和歧视.

Study on HIV related stigma and discrimination among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members

Objective To understand the perceived stigma and discrimination and received stigma and discrimination as well as the differences and reasons of them among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members. Methods 307 people were investigated and 117 of which were HIV/AIDS and the others were their family members. Face to face interview was carried out. Results HIV/AIDS and their family were living in the social environment rounded by stigma and discrimination. Stigma and discrimination could be divided into perceived stigma and discrimination and received stigma and discrimination, and these two kinds of stigma and discrimination were statistically significant different between HIV/AIDS and their family members (t=-12.540, P=0.000) , and the perceived stigma and discrimination was more serious than received stigma and discrimination. The perceived stigma and discrimination were related to their self-efficacy (OR=0.558, P=0.041 ), family APGAR (OR= 0.650, P=0.027), infected with HIV or not (OR= 2.116,P=0.004). The received stigma and discrimination were related to their self-efficacy (OR=0.468,P=0.028), family APGAR (OR=0.427, P=0.000) whether infected by HIV (OR=3.412, P=0.001 ). Conclusion Stigma and discrimination did exist in the environment where HIV/AIDS and their family lived, suggesting that it was necessary to develop a series of policies and measures to fight against stigma and discrimination.