海口市售卷烟烟丝中金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价

目的 了解海口市售卷烟烟丝中金属元素污染特征,并对人群进行健康风险评价。方法 应用原子吸收光谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪对海口市四个区10种40份卷烟产品烟丝中的铅、镉、铬、砷四种金属元素进行检测,应用污染指数评价和健康风险评价模型对在呼吸暴露途径下的重金属致癌和非致癌风险进行分析和评估。结果 卷烟烟丝中铅、镉、铬、砷的含量分别在1.72~3.61 mg/kg;2.28~4.52 mg/kg;0.33~0.56 mg/kg;0.052~0.54 mg/kg之间。污染指数评价结果显示：铅、铬和砷这三种元素单因子污染指数均在0.2~0.6之间,而镉元素的单因子污染指数为1.9,烟丝的综合污染指数P_综合为1.422。健康风险评价结果显示,铅在成人和儿童呼吸暴露途径下的非致癌风险HQ均小于1,且儿童高于成人,分别为4.26×10^-8和6.93×10^-8。镉、铬和砷在成人和儿童呼吸暴露途径下的致癌风险度高低依次为Cd>Cr>As,且均低于可以接受的水平10^-6,并呈现成人高于儿童的特点。结论 海口市售卷烟烟丝中镉的平均含量最高,铅的平均含量次之,砷的平均含量最低。受污染的金属主要是镉。铅、铬和砷的单因子污染程度属于轻度污染,镉属于重度污染;而铅、镉、铬和砷的综合污染程度均为轻污染。四种金属对人体产生的致癌和非致癌健康风险总体处于较低水平。

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of metals in tobacco in Haikou

Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of metallic elements in tobacco in Haikou City and assess the population health risks.Methods Ten brands of cigarette were bought respectively in four districts of Haikou City, and the contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) were detected by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of heavy metals in the respiratory exposure pathway were assessed by using the pollution index evaluation and health risk assessment model.Results The content ranges of Pb, Cd, Cr and As for the 10 brands of tobacco were 1.72-3.61 mg/kg, 2.28-4.52 mg/kg, 0.33-0.56 mg/kg, and 0.052-0.54 mg/kg respectively. The results of pollution index evaluation showed that the single factor pollution index of Pb, Cr and As was between 0.2 and 0.6, while Cd was 1.9. The composite pollution index of tobacco was 1.422. The non-carcinogenic risk HQ of Pb in adult’s and child’s respiratory exposure was less than 1, respectively 4.26×10^-8 and 6.93×10^-8, and the risk in children was higher than that in adults. The carcinogenic risk of Cd, Cr, and As was below acceptable levels of 10^-6 in adult’s and child’s respiratory exposure pathways. The carcinogenic risk from higher to lower was Cd>Cr>As, and to adults was higher than to children.Conclusion sThe content of Cd in tobacco is the highest, Pb is the second, and As is the lowest. The contaminated heavy metals in tobacco are mainly Cd. The single-factor pollution levels of Pb, Cr and As are mildly polluted and Cd is heavily polluted. The comprehensive pollution levels of all four metals are light pollution. Four heavy metals have low levels of cancer and non-carcinogenic health risks.