EB病毒感染的实验室诊断研究进展

EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV) DNA载量和血清学抗体检测是当前实验室最主要的两个诊断手段。不同的检验项目和标本类型具有不同的临床意义和适用范围,对不同EBV感染相关疾病需选择合适的项目和方法。本文对检测EBV技术及在相关疾病的运用做了简单概括,并对EBV感染的免疫功能、细胞因子及相关基因检测临床应用进行了概述,其中淋巴细胞亚群分型及比例有助于评估IM患者的感染阶段和免疫状态,CAEBV患者Th17计数和Th17在CD4⁺T淋巴细胞的比例均明显升高;CAEBV、EBV-HLH患者免疫球蛋白和补体降低;多种EBV感染相关疾病IL-10的表达水平升高;鼻咽癌及其他EBV相关恶性肿瘤表达LMP2A;EBV转化B淋巴细胞多种基因表达上调或下调。

Research progress of laboratory diagnosis of Epstein - Barr virus infection

EBV-DNA load and serological antibody detection are two of the most important diagnostic methods in the laboratory. Different test items and specimen types have different clinical significance and scope of application, and appropriate projects and methods should be selected for different EBV infection related diseases. In this article, the technologies of diagnostic tests of EBV infection and its application in related diseases were briefly summarized, and the immunological function, cytokines and related gene detection of EBV infection were also summarized. The lymphocyte subsets and proportions were helpful to assess the infection stage and immune status of IM patients, and the proportion of Th17 in patients with CAEBV and Th17 in CD4⁺T lymphocytes increased significantly. Immunoglobulin and complement were decreased in CAEBV and EBV-HLH patients. The expression level of IL-10 was increased in various EBV infection related diseases. The expression LMP2A existed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other EBV related malignant tumor; few genes up-regulated or down-regulated in EBV transformed B lymphocyte.