A model for the dynamic nuclear/nucleolar/cytoplasmic trafficking of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nucleocapsid protein based on live cell imaging |
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Authors: | You Jae-Hwan Howell Gareth Pattnaik Asit K Osorio Fernando A Hiscox Julian A |
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Affiliation: | Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. |
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Abstract: | Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an arterivirus, in common with many other positive strand RNA viruses, encodes a nucleocapsid (N) protein which can localise not only to the cytoplasm but also to the nucleolus in virus-infected cells and cells over-expressing N protein. The dynamic trafficking of positive strand RNA virus nucleocapsid proteins and PRRSV N protein in particular between the cytoplasm and nucleolus is unknown. In this study live imaging of permissive and non-permissive cell lines, in conjunction with photo-bleaching (FRAP and FLIP), was used to investigate the trafficking of fluorescent labeled (EGFP) PRRSV-N protein. The data indicated that EGFP-PRRSV-N protein was not permanently sequestered to the nucleolus and had equivalent mobility to cellular nucleolar proteins. Further the nuclear import of N protein appeared to occur faster than nuclear export, which may account for the observed relative distribution of N protein between the cytoplasm and the nucleolus. |
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Keywords: | Nuclear export Nuclear import PRRSV Nucleocapsid protein Nucleolus Nucleus Cytoplasm Confocal FLIP FRAP Arterivirus Virus Nucleolar |
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